Disease Information

General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00012)
Name
Salmonellosis
ICD
ICD-11: 1A09
Resistance Map
Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease
  ADTT: Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target
  DISM: Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification
  IDUE: Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux
  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug
Approved Drug(s)
18 drug(s) in total
Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs
Acriflavine
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein MdtK (MDTK) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Acriflavine
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdtk confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsA (MDSA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Acriflavine
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsB (MDSB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Acriflavine
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsC (MDSC) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Acriflavine
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Ceftazidime
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Beta-lactamase (BLA) [2]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Inherence
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Ceftazidime
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Enterobacter cloacae strains ENLA-1 550
Escherichia coli strain ECAA-1 562
Escherichia coli strain ECLA-1 562
Escherichia coli strain ECLA-2 562
Escherichia coli strain ECLA-4 562
Escherichia coli strain ECZK-1 562
Escherichia coli strain ECZP-1 562
Escherichia coli strain ECZU-1 562
Escherichia coli strain HK225f 562
Salmonella enterica serotype wien strain SWLA-1 149384
Salmonella enterica serotype wien strain SWLA-2 149384
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPAA-1 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPBE-2 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPGE-1 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPGE-2 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-1 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-10 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-2 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-3 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-4 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-5 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-6 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-7 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-8 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-9 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-1 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-10 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-11 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-12 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-13 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-4 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-6 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-7 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-8 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-9 573
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Hybridization experiments assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description Of 60 strains with reduced susceptibility to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins which had been collected, 34 (24Klebsiella pneumoniae, 7Escherichia coli, 1Enterobacter cloacae, and 2Salmonella entericaserotypewien) hybridized with the intragenic blaSHVprobe. TheblaSHVgenes were amplified by PCR, and the presence ofblaSHV-ESBLwas established in 29 strains by restriction enzyme digests of the resulting 1,018-bp amplimers as described elsewhere. These results were confirmed by the nucleotide sequencing of all 34 amplimers. Five strains contained SHV non-ESBL enzymes.
Ceftriaxone
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Beta-lactamase (BLA) [2]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Inherence
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Ceftriaxone
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Enterobacter cloacae strains ENLA-1 550
Escherichia coli strain ECAA-1 562
Escherichia coli strain ECLA-1 562
Escherichia coli strain ECLA-2 562
Escherichia coli strain ECLA-4 562
Escherichia coli strain ECZK-1 562
Escherichia coli strain ECZP-1 562
Escherichia coli strain ECZU-1 562
Escherichia coli strain HK225f 562
Salmonella enterica serotype wien strain SWLA-1 149384
Salmonella enterica serotype wien strain SWLA-2 149384
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPAA-1 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPBE-2 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPGE-1 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPGE-2 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-1 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-10 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-2 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-3 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-4 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-5 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-6 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-7 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-8 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPLA-9 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-1 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-10 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-11 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-12 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-13 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-4 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-6 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-7 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-8 573
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains kPZU-9 573
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Hybridization experiments assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description Of 60 strains with reduced susceptibility to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins which had been collected, 34 (24Klebsiella pneumoniae, 7Escherichia coli, 1Enterobacter cloacae, and 2Salmonella entericaserotypewien) hybridized with the intragenic blaSHVprobe. TheblaSHVgenes were amplified by PCR, and the presence ofblaSHV-ESBLwas established in 29 strains by restriction enzyme digests of the resulting 1,018-bp amplimers as described elsewhere. These results were confirmed by the nucleotide sequencing of all 34 amplimers. Five strains contained SHV non-ESBL enzymes.
Chloramphenicol
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug transporter MdfA (MDFA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Chloramphenicol
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdfA confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Catalase isozyme A/Tetracycline efflux MFS transporter/Dihydropteroate synthase (CATA1/TETB/SUL) [3]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Inherence
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Chloramphenicol
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella agona 231 58095
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 PCR screening assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Disc diffusion assay
Mechanism Description The multiresistance plasmid from S. Agona strain 231 carried the chloramphenicol resistance gene catA1 coding for a type A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and the resistance gene tet(B) coding for a tetracycline/minocycline exporter. This plasmid also harboured the streptomycin resistance gene strA coding for an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase and the sulphonamide resistance gene sul1 which represents part of the 3' conserved segment of class 1 integrons.
Key Molecule: Bcr/CflA family efflux transporter (BCML) [4]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Chloramphenicol
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium SS034 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 1358 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 2039 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 2152 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 2668 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 2855 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 3430 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 3977 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 4204 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 4255 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 4287 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 4501 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 4528 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 4656 90371
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 922 90371
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Southern blot hybridizations assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MIC assay
Mechanism Description Isolates 2039 and 2152 also carried an additional integron (In-t4) that encodes the cmlA and aadB gene cassettes, which confer resistance to chloramphenicol and kanamycin, respectively.
Colistin
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Hydrolase (HYDE) [5]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Colistin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli NEB5alpha 562
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 In silico EMBOSS Transeq assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description Mcr-1 is a phosphoethanolamine transferase that modifies cell membrane lipid A head groups with a phosphoethanolamine residue, reducing affinity to colistin.
Doxorubicin
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug transporter MdfA (MDFA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Doxorubicin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdfA confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein MdtK (MDTK) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Doxorubicin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdtk confers drug resistance.
Erythromycin
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Macrolide export ATP-binding/permease protein MacB (MACB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Erythromycin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of macAB confers drug resistance.
Gentian violet
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsA (MDSA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Gentian violet
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsB (MDSB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Gentian violet
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsC (MDSC) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Gentian violet
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Methylene blue
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsA (MDSA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Methylene blue
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsB (MDSB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Methylene blue
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsC (MDSC) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Methylene blue
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Nalidixic acid
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug export protein EmrA (EMRA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Nalidixic acid
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of emrAB confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug export protein EmrB (EMRB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Nalidixic acid
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of emrAB confers drug resistance.
Norfloxacin
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug transporter MdfA (MDFA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Norfloxacin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdfA confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein MdtK (MDTK) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Norfloxacin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdtk confers drug resistance.
Novobiocin
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein MdtC (MDTC) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Novobiocin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdtABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein MdtB (MDTB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Novobiocin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdtABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein MdtA (MDTA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Novobiocin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdtABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter (ACRD) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Novobiocin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of acrD confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug export protein EmrA (EMRA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Novobiocin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of emrAB confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug export protein EmrB (EMRB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Novobiocin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of emrAB confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsA (MDSA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Novobiocin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsB (MDSB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Novobiocin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsC (MDSC) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Novobiocin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Reserpine
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: MAPK/ERK kinase 1 (MEK1) [6]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Function
Activation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Reserpine
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
Cell Pathway Regulation T cell receptor signaling pathway Regulation hsa04660
EGFR signaling pathway Inhibition hsa01521
mTOR signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04150
MEK1/2 signaling pathway Activation hsa04010
In Vivo Model Chicken ceca explant model Gallus gallus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Chicken-specific kinome peptide array
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Bactericidal assays against Salmonella
Mechanism Description Reserpine treatment induced T cell activation, reduced CTLA-4 gene expression, and deactivated metabolic pathways like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which were linked to antimicrobial responses. MEK1/2 activation plays a central role in reserpine-induced antimicrobial activities.
Sodium lauryl sulfate
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein MdtC (MDTC) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sodium lauryl sulfate
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdtABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein MdtB (MDTB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sodium lauryl sulfate
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdtABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein MdtA (MDTA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sodium lauryl sulfate
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdtABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter (ACRD) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sodium lauryl sulfate
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of acrD confers drug resistance.
Spectinomycin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside (3'') (9) adenylyltransferase (AADA) [7]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Inherence
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Spectinomycin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain 90371
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Disk diffusion method assay
Mechanism Description Besides the genes present in the multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovar Typhimurium strains, other genes related to antibiotic resistance were described in Salmonella serovar Typhimurium or other closely related species. Tetracycline resistance could also be encoded by tetA, tetB, tetC or aadA21.
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Catalase isozyme A/Tetracycline efflux MFS transporter/Dihydropteroate synthase (CATA1/TETB/SUL) [3]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Inherence
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Spectinomycin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella agona 231 58095
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 PCR screening assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Disc diffusion assay
Mechanism Description The multiresistance plasmid from S. Agona strain 231 carried the chloramphenicol resistance gene catA1 coding for a type A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and the resistance gene tet(B) coding for a tetracycline/minocycline exporter. This plasmid also harboured the streptomycin resistance gene strA coding for an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase and the sulphonamide resistance gene sul1 which represents part of the 3' conserved segment of class 1 integrons.
Streptomycin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside (3'') (9) adenylyltransferase (AADA) [7]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Inherence
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Streptomycin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain 90371
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Disk diffusion method assay
Mechanism Description Besides the genes present in the multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovar Typhimurium strains, other genes related to antibiotic resistance were described in Salmonella serovar Typhimurium or other closely related species. Tetracycline resistance could also be encoded by tetA, tetB, tetC or aadA21.
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Catalase isozyme A/Tetracycline efflux MFS transporter/Dihydropteroate synthase (CATA1/TETB/SUL) [3]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Inherence
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Streptomycin
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella agona 231 58095
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 PCR screening assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Disc diffusion assay
Mechanism Description The multiresistance plasmid from S. Agona strain 231 carried the chloramphenicol resistance gene catA1 coding for a type A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and the resistance gene tet(B) coding for a tetracycline/minocycline exporter. This plasmid also harboured the streptomycin resistance gene strA coding for an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase and the sulphonamide resistance gene sul1 which represents part of the 3' conserved segment of class 1 integrons.
Tetracycline
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug transporter MdfA (MDFA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Tetracycline
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdfA confers drug resistance.
Trimethoprim
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Catalase isozyme A/Tetracycline efflux MFS transporter/Dihydropteroate synthase (CATA1/TETB/SUL) [3]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Inherence
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Trimethoprim
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella agona 231 58095
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 PCR screening assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Disc diffusion assay
Mechanism Description The multiresistance plasmid from S. Agona strain 231 carried the chloramphenicol resistance gene catA1 coding for a type A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and the resistance gene tet(B) coding for a tetracycline/minocycline exporter. This plasmid also harboured the streptomycin resistance gene strA coding for an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase and the sulphonamide resistance gene sul1 which represents part of the 3' conserved segment of class 1 integrons.
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
1 drug(s) in total
Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs
Rhodamine 6G
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug export protein EmrA (EMRA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Rhodamine 6G
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of emrAB confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug export protein EmrB (EMRB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Rhodamine 6G
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of emrAB confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsA (MDSA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Rhodamine 6G
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsB (MDSB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Rhodamine 6G
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsC (MDSC) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Rhodamine 6G
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Investigative Drug(s)
7 drug(s) in total
Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs
Benzalkonium bromide
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsA (MDSA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Benzalkonium bromide
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsB (MDSB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Benzalkonium bromide
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsC (MDSC) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Benzalkonium bromide
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Homidium bromide
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsA (MDSA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Homidium bromide
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsB (MDSB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Homidium bromide
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsC (MDSC) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Homidium bromide
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Microcin J25
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: ABC transporter ATP-binding/permease protein YojI (YOJI) [8]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Inherence
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Microcin J25
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli k-12 83333
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Promega and one-step chromosomal gene inactivation method assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Spot-on-lawn assay
Mechanism Description YojI, an Escherichia coli open reading frame with an unknown function, mediates resistance to the peptide antibiotic microcin J25 when it is expressed from a multicopy vector. Disruption of the single chromosomal copy of yojI increased sensitivity of cells to microcin J25. One obvious explanation for the protective effect against microcin J25 is that YojI action keeps the intracellular concentration of the peptide below a toxic level. the resistance to MccJ25 mediated by YojI involves extrusion of the peptide and that YojI is assisted by the multifunctional outer membrane protein TolC.
Sodium deoxycholate
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein MdtC (MDTC) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sodium deoxycholate
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdtABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein MdtB (MDTB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sodium deoxycholate
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdtABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein MdtA (MDTA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sodium deoxycholate
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of mdtABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter (ACRD) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sodium deoxycholate
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of acrD confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug export protein EmrA (EMRA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sodium deoxycholate
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of emrAB confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Multidrug export protein EmrB (EMRB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sodium deoxycholate
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of emrAB confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsA (MDSA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sodium deoxycholate
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsB (MDSB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sodium deoxycholate
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsC (MDSC) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sodium deoxycholate
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Sulphonamides
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Catalase isozyme A/Tetracycline efflux MFS transporter/Dihydropteroate synthase (CATA1/TETB/SUL) [3]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Inherence
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Sulphonamides
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella agona 231 58095
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 PCR screening assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Disc diffusion assay
Mechanism Description The multiresistance plasmid from S. Agona strain 231 carried the chloramphenicol resistance gene catA1 coding for a type A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and the resistance gene tet(B) coding for a tetracycline/minocycline exporter. This plasmid also harboured the streptomycin resistance gene strA coding for an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase and the sulphonamide resistance gene sul1 which represents part of the 3' conserved segment of class 1 integrons.
Tetracycline/Minocycline
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Catalase isozyme A/Tetracycline efflux MFS transporter/Dihydropteroate synthase (CATA1/TETB/SUL) [3]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Inherence
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Tetracycline/Minocycline
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella agona 231 58095
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 PCR screening assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Disc diffusion assay
Mechanism Description The multiresistance plasmid from S. Agona strain 231 carried the chloramphenicol resistance gene catA1 coding for a type A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and the resistance gene tet(B) coding for a tetracycline/minocycline exporter. This plasmid also harboured the streptomycin resistance gene strA coding for an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase and the sulphonamide resistance gene sul1 which represents part of the 3' conserved segment of class 1 integrons.
Tetraphenylphosphonium bromide
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsA (MDSA) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Tetraphenylphosphonium bromide
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsB (MDSB) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Tetraphenylphosphonium bromide
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsC (MDSC) [1]
Resistant Disease Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Resistant Drug Tetraphenylphosphonium bromide
 Drug Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s 588858
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Quantitative real-time PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 L agar plate method assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.
References
Ref 1 Virulence and drug resistance roles of multidrug efflux systems of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Mol Microbiol. 2006 Jan;59(1):126-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04940.x.
Ref 2 Survey and molecular genetics of SHV beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae in Switzerland: two novel enzymes, SHV-11 and SHV-12. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 May;41(5):943-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.41.5.943.
Ref 3 Class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona isolated from pig carcasses in Brazil. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005 May;55(5):776-9. doi: 10.1093/jac/dki081. Epub 2005 Mar 10.
Ref 4 Characterization of plasmids carrying CMY-2 from expanded-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella strains isolated in the United States between 1996 and 1998. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 May;46(5):1269-72. doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.5.1269-1272.2002.
Ref 5 Identification of Novel Mobilized Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-9 in a Multidrug-Resistant, Colistin-Susceptible Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Isolate. mBio. 2019 May 7;10(3):e00853-19. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00853-19.
Ref 6 Reserpine improves Enterobacteriaceae resistance in chicken intestine via neuro-immunometabolic signaling and MEK1/2 activation .Commun Biol. 2021 Dec 3;4(1):1359. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02888-3. 10.1038/s42003-021-02888-3
Ref 7 Evolution of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains isolated in the Czech Republic between 1984 and 2002. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Jun;47(6):2002-5. doi: 10.1128/AAC.47.6.2002-2005.2003.
Ref 8 YojI of Escherichia coli functions as a microcin J25 efflux pump. J Bacteriol. 2005 May;187(10):3465-70. doi: 10.1128/JB.187.10.3465-3470.2005.

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