Drug Information

Drug (ID: DG00500) and It's Reported Resistant Information

• Name: Sulphonamides
• Drug Resistance Disease(s):
  Disease(s) with Clinically Reported Resistance for This Drug (1 diseases)
  Salmonellosis [ICD-11: 1A09]; [1]
  Disease(s) with Resistance Information Validated by in-vivo Model for This Drug (1 diseases)
  Pasteurellosis [ICD-11: 1B99]; [2]

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Drug

  ADTT: Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target

  DISM: Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Diseases

ICD-01: Infectious/parasitic diseases

Salmonellosis [ICD-11: 1A09]

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: Catalase isozyme A/Tetracycline efflux MFS transporter/Dihydropteroate synthase (CATA1/TETB/SUL) [1]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Salmonella agona 231; 58095
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR screening assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disc diffusion assay
• Mechanism Description: The multiresistance plasmid from S. Agona strain 231 carried the chloramphenicol resistance gene catA1 coding for a type A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and the resistance gene tet(B) coding for a tetracycline/minocycline exporter. This plasmid also harboured the streptomycin resistance gene strA coding for an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase and the sulphonamide resistance gene sul1 which represents part of the 3' conserved segment of class 1 integrons.

Pasteurellosis [ICD-11: 1B99]

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Key Molecule: Erm methyltransferase (ERM42) [2]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Pasteurella multocida infection [ICD-11: 1B99.0]
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; 1322345
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213; 1280
• In Vitro Model: Pasteurella multocida 36950; 1075089
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: The analysis of one representative P. multocida isolate identified an 82 kb integrative and conjugative element (ICE) integrated into the chromosomal DNA. This ICE, designated ICEPmu1, harboured 11 resistance genes, which confer resistance to streptomycin/spectinomycin (aadA25), streptomycin (strA and strB), gentamicin (aadB), kanamycin/neomycin (aphA1), tetracycline [tetR-tet(H)], chloramphenicol/florfenicol (floR), sulphonamides (sul2), tilmicosin/clindamycin [erm(42)] or tilmicosin/tulathromycin [msr(E)-mph(E)].

References

• Ref 1: Class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona isolated from pig carcasses in Brazil. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005 May;55(5):776-9. doi: 10.1093/jac/dki081. Epub 2005 Mar 10.
• Ref 2: ICEPmu1, an integrative conjugative element (ICE) of Pasteurella multocida: analysis of the regions that comprise 12 antimicrobial resistance genes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012 Jan;67(1):84-90. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr406. Epub 2011 Oct 14.