Drug Information

Drug (ID: DG00433) and It's Reported Resistant Information

• Name: Acriflavine
• Synonyms: Acriflavine; Xanthacridinum; Euflavine; Pantonsiletten; Flavinetten; Assiflavine; Choliflavin; Bialflavina; Vetaflavin; Buroflavin; Tolivalin; Isravin; Diacrid; Zoriflavin; Trachosept; Gonacin; Flavisept; Flavioform; Bovoflavin; Mediflavin; Bioacridin; Angiflan; Tripla-etilo; Glyco-flavine; Acriflavine neutral; Acriflavine [NF]; Caswell No. 008; Euflavin; Flavacridinum hydrochloricum; Trypaflavine Neutral; CCRIS 5617; UNII-1T3A50395T; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000501; Acridinium, 3,6-diamino-10-methyl-, chloride, mixt. with 3,6-acridined
• Indication:
  In total 1 Indication(s)
  Human immunodeficiency virus disease [ICD-11: 1C60-1C62]; Phase 1; [1]
• Drug Resistance Disease(s):
  Disease(s) with Clinically Reported Resistance for This Drug (3 diseases)
  Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]; [2]
  Pneumonia [ICD-11: CA40]; [3]
  Salmonellosis [ICD-11: 1A09]; [1]
• Target: Human immunodeficiency virus Integrase (HIV IN); POL_HV1B1; [1]
• Formula: C27H25ClN6
• IsoSMILES: C[N+]1=C2C=C(C=CC2=CC3=C1C=C(C=C3)N)N.C1=CC(=CC2=NC3=C(C=CC(=C3)N)C=C21)N.[Cl-]
• InChI: 1S/C14H13N3.C13H11N3.ClH/c1-17-13-7-11(15)4-2-9(13)6-10-3-5-12(16)8-14(10)17;14-10-3-1-8-5-9-2-4-11(15)7-13(9)16-12(8)6-10;/h2-8H,1H3,(H3,15,16);1-7H,14-15H2;1H
• InChIKey: PEJLNXHANOHNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• PubChem CID: 443101
• TTD Drug ID: D0N3NL
• DrugBank ID: DB13373

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Drug

  IDUE: Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Diseases

ICD-01: Infectious/parasitic diseases

Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE)

Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein PmpM (PMPM) [2]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli kAM32/pSTV28; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR amplification and DNA sequence assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MIC assay
• Mechanism Description: PmpM is a multi drug efflux pump coupled with hydrogen ions, which reduces the intracellular drug concentration and produces drug resistance.

Salmonellosis [ICD-11: 1A09]

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE)

Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein MdtK (MDTK) [1]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Resistant Disease: Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s; 588858
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Quantitative real-time PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: L agar plate method assay
• Mechanism Description: Overexpression or overproduction of mdtk confers drug resistance.

Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsA (MDSA) [1]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Resistant Disease: Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s; 588858
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Quantitative real-time PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: L agar plate method assay
• Mechanism Description: Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.

Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsB (MDSB) [1]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Resistant Disease: Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s; 588858
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Quantitative real-time PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: L agar plate method assay
• Mechanism Description: Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.

Key Molecule: Efflux pump membrane transporter MdsC (MDSC) [1]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Resistant Disease: Salmonella enterica infection [ICD-11: 1A09.0]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s; 588858
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Quantitative real-time PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: L agar plate method assay
• Mechanism Description: Overexpression or overproduction of MdsABC confers drug resistance.

ICD-12: Respiratory system diseases

Pneumonia [ICD-11: CA40]

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE)

Key Molecule: MATE family efflux transporter (ABEM) [3]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Acinetobacter baumannii infection [ICD-11: CA40.4]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli kAM32; 562
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MIC assay
• Mechanism Description: AbeM was found to be an H+-coupled multidrug efflux pump and a unique member of the MATE family which lead to drug resistance.

References

• Ref 1: Virulence and drug resistance roles of multidrug efflux systems of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Mol Microbiol. 2006 Jan;59(1):126-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04940.x.
• Ref 2: An H(+)-coupled multidrug efflux pump, PmpM, a member of the MATE family of transporters, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol. 2004 Jan;186(1):262-5. doi: 10.1128/JB.186.1.262-265.2004.
• Ref 3: AbeM, an H+-coupled Acinetobacter baumannii multidrug efflux pump belonging to the MATE family of transporters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Oct;49(10):4362-4. doi: 10.1128/AAC.49.10.4362-4364.2005.