Disease Information

General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00097)
Name
Kidney cancer
ICD
ICD-11: 2C90
Resistance Map
Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease
  ADTT: Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target
  DISM: Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification
  EADR: Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein
  IDUE: Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux
  RTDM: Regulation by the Disease Microenvironment
  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug
Approved Drug(s)
19 drug(s) in total
Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs
Sunitinib
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) [1]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cell carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Blood
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 8.34E-01
Fold-change: 2.84E-02
Z-score: 2.17E-01
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Caki-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0235
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description High miR-942 levels in MRCC cells up-regulates MMP-9 and VEGF secretion to enhance endothelial migration and sunitinib resistance.
Key Molecule: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) [1]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cell carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Blood
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 2.44E-02
Fold-change: 4.10E-01
Z-score: 2.85E+00
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Caki-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0235
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description High miR-942 levels in MRCC cells up-regulates MMP-9 and VEGF secretion to enhance endothelial migration and sunitinib resistance.
Key Molecule: Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) [6]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 2.88E-02
Fold-change: 7.68E-02
Z-score: 2.45E+00
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation ERK signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
STAT3/AKT signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 771R-luc cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) N.A.
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description Exosome-Transmitted lncARSR Promotes Sunitinib Resistance in Renal Cancer by Acting as a Competing Endogenous RNA. Here we identified an LncRNA, named lncARSR (LncRNA Activated in RCC with Sunitinib Resistance), which correlated with clinically poor sunitinib response. lncARSR promoted sunitinib resistance via competitively binding miR-34/miR-449 to facilitate AXL and c-MET expression in RCC cells. Furthermore, bioactive lncARSR could be incorporated into exosomes and transmitted to sensitive cells, thus disseminating sunitinib resistance. Treatment of sunitinib-resistant RCC with locked nucleic acids targeting lncARSR or an AXL/c-MET inhibitor restored sunitinib response.
Key Molecule: Tyrosine-protein kinase UFO (AXL) [6]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 1.15E-02
Fold-change: 1.30E-01
Z-score: 3.05E+00
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Inhibition hsa04210
Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
ERK signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
STAT3/AKT signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 771R-luc cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) N.A.
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description Exosome-Transmitted lncARSR Promotes Sunitinib Resistance in Renal Cancer by Acting as a Competing Endogenous RNA. Here we identified an LncRNA, named lncARSR (LncRNA Activated in RCC with Sunitinib Resistance), which correlated with clinically poor sunitinib response. lncARSR promoted sunitinib resistance via competitively binding miR-34/miR-449 to facilitate AXL and c-MET expression in RCC cells. Furthermore, bioactive lncARSR could be incorporated into exosomes and transmitted to sensitive cells, thus disseminating sunitinib resistance. Treatment of sunitinib-resistant RCC with locked nucleic acids targeting lncARSR or an AXL/c-MET inhibitor restored sunitinib response.
Key Molecule: AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) [11]
Resistant Disease Clear cell renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.Y]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 4.33E-04
Fold-change: -1.74E-01
Z-score: -5.03E+00
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell metastasis Activation hsa05205
Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
Chemoresistance Activation hsa05207
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Luciferase reporter assay; Western blot analysis; Immunohistochemical staining assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTS assay
Mechanism Description miR144-3p promotes cell proliferation, metastasis, sunitinib resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by downregulating ARID1A. and the downregulation of ARIDIA could promote the function of mir144-3p in cell proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance.
Key Molecule: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) [18]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
In Vitro Model Caki-1 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0234
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis; RT-qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description miR-130b promoted cell growth and was associated with sunitinib resistance through regulating PTEN expression.
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: SET and MYND domain containing 2 (SMYD2) [4]
Resistant Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 8.86E-01
Fold-change: 4.00E-03
Z-score: 1.47E-01
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model HEK293T cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0063
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
In Vivo Model Balb/c athymic nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blotting assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTS assay
Mechanism Description SMYD2 is a histone methyltransferase.The estimated IC50 values of cisplatin, doxorubicin, or 5-FU (but not docetaxel) for AZ505-treated RCC cells were significantly lower than those for the control cells, indicating that the SMYD2 inhibition enhanced the drug sensitivity in renal cancer cells.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-130b [18]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
In Vitro Model Caki-1 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0234
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description miR-130b promoted cell growth and was associated with sunitinib resistance through regulating PTEN expression.
Key Molecule: hsa-miR-144-3p [11]
Resistant Disease Clear cell renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.Y]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell metastasis Activation hsa05205
Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
Chemoresistance Activation hsa05207
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 RT-qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTS assay
Mechanism Description miR144-3p promotes cell proliferation, metastasis, sunitinib resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by downregulating ARID1A. and the downregulation of ARIDIA could promote the function of mir144-3p in cell proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance.
Key Molecule: Long non-protein coding RNA SARCC(SARCC) [19]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell adhesion Inhibition hsa04514
Cell apoptosis Inhibition hsa04210
In Vitro Model Caki-1 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0234
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
A498 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1056
Caki-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0235
Hk-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
OSRC-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1626
SW839 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3604
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay; Wound-healing assay; Transwell assay
Mechanism Description LncRNA-SARCC bound and destabilized AR protein with an inhibition of AR function, which led to transcriptionally de-repress miR143-3p expression, thus inhibition of its downstream signals including AkT, MMP-13, k-RAS and P-ERk. Increased the expression of LncRNA-SARCC decreased RCC cells resistance to Sunitinib.
Key Molecule: hsa-miR-143-3p [19]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cancer progression Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model Caki-1 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0234
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
A498 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1056
Caki-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0235
Hk-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
OSRC-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1626
SW839 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3604
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qRT-PCR; RNA pull-down assay; ChIP assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay; Wound-healing assay; Transwell assay
Mechanism Description LncRNA-SARCC bound and destabilized AR protein with an inhibition of AR function, which led to transcriptionally de-repress miR143-3p expression, thus inhibition of its downstream signals including AkT, MMP-13, k-RAS and P-ERk. Increased the expression of LncRNA-SARCC decreased RCC cells resistance to Sunitinib.
Key Molecule: LncRNA regulator of Akt signaling associated with HCC and RCC (LNCARSR) [6]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Inhibition hsa04210
Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
ERK signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
STAT3/AKT signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 771R-luc cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) N.A.
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qPCR; Northern blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description Exosome-Transmitted lncARSR Promotes Sunitinib Resistance in Renal Cancer by Acting as a Competing Endogenous RNA. Here we identified an LncRNA, named lncARSR (LncRNA Activated in RCC with Sunitinib Resistance), which correlated with clinically poor sunitinib response. lncARSR promoted sunitinib resistance via competitively binding miR-34/miR-449 to facilitate AXL and c-MET expression in RCC cells. Furthermore, bioactive lncARSR could be incorporated into exosomes and transmitted to sensitive cells, thus disseminating sunitinib resistance. Treatment of sunitinib-resistant RCC with locked nucleic acids targeting lncARSR or an AXL/c-MET inhibitor restored sunitinib response.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-133a [1]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell migration Activation hsa04670
In Vitro Model Caki-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0235
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description High expression of miR-942, miR-628-5p, miR-133a, and miR-484 was significantly associated with decreased time to progression and overall survival. These microRNAs were also overexpressed in the sunitinib resistant cell line Caki-2 in comparison with the sensitive cell line.
Key Molecule: hsa-miR-484 [1]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell migration Activation hsa04670
In Vitro Model Caki-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0235
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description High expression of miR-942, miR-628-5p, miR-133a, and miR-484 was significantly associated with decreased time to progression and overall survival. These microRNAs were also overexpressed in the sunitinib resistant cell line Caki-2 in comparison with the sensitive cell line.
Key Molecule: hsa-miR-628-5p [1]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell migration Activation hsa04670
In Vitro Model Caki-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0235
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description High expression of miR-942, miR-628-5p, miR-133a, and miR-484 was significantly associated with decreased time to progression and overall survival. These microRNAs were also overexpressed in the sunitinib resistant cell line Caki-2 in comparison with the sensitive cell line.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-942 [1]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Caki-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0235
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description High miR-942 levels in MRCC cells up-regulates MMP-9 and VEGF secretion to enhance endothelial migration and sunitinib resistance.
  Regulation by the Disease Microenvironment (RTDM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-92a [16]
Resistant Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Resistant Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Caki-1 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0234
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
A498 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1056
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description NC886 also promotes renal cancer cell drug-resistance to Sunitinib or Everolimus by promoting EMT through Rock2 phosphorylation-mediated nuclear translocation of beta-catenin.
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-141 [20]
Sensitive Disease Clear cell renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.Y]
Sensitive Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell viability Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
UMRC-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_2739
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 RT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Flow cytometry assay
Mechanism Description Compared to good responders, microRNA-141 was significantly down-regulated in tumors of poor responders to sunitinib. This seemed spatially linked toepithelial-to-mesenchymaltransitioninvivo. microRNA-141 down-regulation driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in clear cell renal cell carcinoma was linked to anunfavorable response to sunitinib therapy.
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Circ_0072732 [21]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Sunitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Hsa_circ_0072732 /miR-548b-3p/ SLC7A11 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
Caki-1 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0234
OSRC-2 cells Kideny Homo sapiens (Human) N.A.
A-498 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1056
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
OSRC-2 cells Kideny Homo sapiens (Human) N.A.
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qRT-PCR; Western blot assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description Hsa_circ_0072732 was highly expressed in RCC cells. The silence of Hsa_circ_0072732 could increase RCC sensitivity to sunitinib. Hsa_circ_0072732 contributed to sunitinib chemoresistance by impairing ferroptosis. Hsa_circ_0072732 exerts its function mainly by acting as sponges for miR-548b-3p and regulating the expression SLC7A11.
Paclitaxel
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3) [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Paclitaxel
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Blood
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 1.59E-02
Fold-change: 2.68E+00
Z-score: 3.16E+00
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
Key Molecule: Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Paclitaxel
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 8.62E-01
Fold-change: 6.66E-03
Z-score: 1.74E-01
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
Key Molecule: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Paclitaxel
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 3.24E-05
Fold-change: 1.07E-01
Z-score: 6.36E+00
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-21 [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Paclitaxel
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
Oxaliplatin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3) [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Oxaliplatin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Blood
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 1.59E-02
Fold-change: 2.68E+00
Z-score: 3.16E+00
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
Key Molecule: Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Oxaliplatin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 8.62E-01
Fold-change: 6.66E-03
Z-score: 1.74E-01
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
Key Molecule: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Oxaliplatin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-21 [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Oxaliplatin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
Fluorouracil
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3) [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Fluorouracil
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Blood
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 1.59E-02
Fold-change: 2.68E+00
Z-score: 3.16E+00
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
Key Molecule: Wee1-like protein kinase (WEE1) [5]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Fluorouracil
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Kidney cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 1.32E-08
Fold-change: -6.91E-01
Z-score: -6.01E+00
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
WEE1/Cdc2 signaling pathway Activation hsa04110
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description miR-381 increases sensitivity of 786-O cells to 5-FU by inhibitory WEE1 and increase of Cdc2activity.
Key Molecule: Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Fluorouracil
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 8.62E-01
Fold-change: 6.66E-03
Z-score: 1.74E-01
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
Key Molecule: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Fluorouracil
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-21 [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Fluorouracil
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-381 [5]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Fluorouracil
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell colony Inhibition hsa05200
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
WEE1/Cdc2 signaling pathway Activation hsa04110
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 RT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description miR-381 increases sensitivity of 786-O cells to 5-FU by inhibitory WEE1 and increase of Cdc2activity.
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: SET and MYND domain containing 2 (SMYD2) [4]
Resistant Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Resistant Drug Fluorouracil
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Kidney cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 8.07E-35
Fold-change: 6.59E-01
Z-score: 1.61E+01
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model HEK293T cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0063
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
In Vivo Model Balb/c athymic nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blotting assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTS assay
Mechanism Description SMYD2 is a histone methyltransferase.The estimated IC50 values of cisplatin, doxorubicin, or 5-FU (but not docetaxel) for AZ505-treated RCC cells were significantly lower than those for the control cells, indicating that the SMYD2 inhibition enhanced the drug sensitivity in renal cancer cells.
Dovitinib lactate
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3) [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Dovitinib lactate
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Blood
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 1.59E-02
Fold-change: 2.68E+00
Z-score: 3.16E+00
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
Key Molecule: Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Dovitinib lactate
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 8.62E-01
Fold-change: 6.66E-03
Z-score: 1.74E-01
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
Key Molecule: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Dovitinib lactate
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-21 [2]
Sensitive Disease Renal carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.2]
Sensitive Drug Dovitinib lactate
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
RCC10 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6265
RCC4 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0498
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Celltiter96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Mechanism Description Tumor suppressor genes like PTEN, PDCD4 and TIMP3, are target genes of miR21. PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3k/Akt pathway, as well as a direct target of miR21.
Vinblastine
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCB1) [3]
Sensitive Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Sensitive Drug Vinblastine
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cell carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 4.11E-46
Fold-change: -1.42E+00
Z-score: -1.91E+01
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
In Vitro Model Flp-In-293/Mock cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_U421
Flp-In-293/ABCB1 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_U421
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 ATPase assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description Through calcein assays, we found that epimagnolin A inhibited the ABCB1-mediated export of calcein. This result suggests that epimagnolin A behaved as inhibitor or substrate for ABCB1. In ATPase assays, epimagnolin A stimulated ABCB1-dependent ATPase activity. This result indicates that epimagnolin A was recognised as a substrate by ABCB1, since ABCB1 utilises energy derived from ATP hydrolysis for substrate transport. Furthermore, in MTT assays we found that the cytotoxicity of daunorubicin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and vincristine was enhanced by epimagnolin A in a manner comparable to verapamil, a typical substrate for ABCB1.
Doxorubicin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCB1) [3]
Sensitive Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Sensitive Drug Doxorubicin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cell carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 4.11E-46
Fold-change: -1.42E+00
Z-score: -1.91E+01
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
In Vitro Model Flp-In-293/Mock cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_U421
Flp-In-293/ABCB1 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_U421
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 ATPase assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description Through calcein assays, we found that epimagnolin A inhibited the ABCB1-mediated export of calcein. This result suggests that epimagnolin A behaved as inhibitor or substrate for ABCB1. In ATPase assays, epimagnolin A stimulated ABCB1-dependent ATPase activity. This result indicates that epimagnolin A was recognised as a substrate by ABCB1, since ABCB1 utilises energy derived from ATP hydrolysis for substrate transport. Furthermore, in MTT assays we found that the cytotoxicity of daunorubicin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and vincristine was enhanced by epimagnolin A in a manner comparable to verapamil, a typical substrate for ABCB1.
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (CFLAR) [9]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Doxorubicin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 8.10E-01
Fold-change: -7.93E-03
Z-score: -2.46E-01
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
TRAIL-mediated signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model Caki cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0234
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Flow cytometry assay
Mechanism Description C-FLIPL expression was upregulated while miR-708 expression was downregulated in RCC tissues compared to normal tissues. miR-708 functioned as a pro-apoptotic miRNA via specific downregulation of c-FLIPL expression but did not have any effect on the expression of c-FLIPs, which can also increase the drug sensitivity of renal cancer cells.
Key Molecule: Cyclin-G1 (CCNG1) [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Doxorubicin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
  Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member1 (CYP1B1) [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Doxorubicin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-708 [9]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Doxorubicin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
TRAIL-mediated signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model Caki cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0234
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 RT-PCR; RT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Flow cytometry assay
Mechanism Description C-FLIPL expression was upregulated while miR-708 expression was downregulated in RCC tissues compared to normal tissues. miR-708 functioned as a pro-apoptotic miRNA via specific downregulation of c-FLIPL expression but did not have any effect on the expression of c-FLIPs, which can also increase the drug sensitivity of renal cancer cells.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-27b [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Doxorubicin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: SET and MYND domain containing 2 (SMYD2) [4]
Resistant Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Resistant Drug Doxorubicin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Kidney cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 8.07E-35
Fold-change: 6.59E-01
Z-score: 1.61E+01
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model HEK293T cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0063
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
In Vivo Model Balb/c athymic nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blotting assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTS assay
Mechanism Description SMYD2 is a histone methyltransferase.The estimated IC50 values of cisplatin, doxorubicin, or 5-FU (but not docetaxel) for AZ505-treated RCC cells were significantly lower than those for the control cells, indicating that the SMYD2 inhibition enhanced the drug sensitivity in renal cancer cells.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-451 [15]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Doxorubicin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
In Vitro Model ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
GRC-1 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) N.A.
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection assay; MTT assay
Mechanism Description microRNA-451 regulates chemoresistance in renal cell carcinoma by targeting ATF-2 gene.
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 (ATF2) [15]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Doxorubicin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
In Vitro Model ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
GRC-1 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) N.A.
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection assay; MTT assay
Mechanism Description microRNA-451 regulates chemoresistance in renal cell carcinoma by targeting ATF-2 gene.
Daunorubicin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCB1) [3]
Sensitive Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Sensitive Drug Daunorubicin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cell carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 4.11E-46
Fold-change: -1.42E+00
Z-score: -1.91E+01
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
In Vitro Model Flp-In-293/Mock cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_U421
Flp-In-293/ABCB1 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_U421
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 ATPase assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description Through calcein assays, we found that epimagnolin A inhibited the ABCB1-mediated export of calcein. This result suggests that epimagnolin A behaved as inhibitor or substrate for ABCB1. In ATPase assays, epimagnolin A stimulated ABCB1-dependent ATPase activity. This result indicates that epimagnolin A was recognised as a substrate by ABCB1, since ABCB1 utilises energy derived from ATP hydrolysis for substrate transport. Furthermore, in MTT assays we found that the cytotoxicity of daunorubicin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and vincristine was enhanced by epimagnolin A in a manner comparable to verapamil, a typical substrate for ABCB1.
Docetaxel
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: SET and MYND domain containing 2 (SMYD2) [4]
Resistant Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Resistant Drug Docetaxel
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Kidney cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 8.07E-35
Fold-change: 6.59E-01
Z-score: 1.61E+01
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model HEK293T cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0063
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
In Vivo Model Balb/c athymic nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blotting assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTS assay
Mechanism Description SMYD2 is a histone methyltransferase.The estimated IC50 values of cisplatin, doxorubicin, or 5-FU (but not docetaxel) for AZ505-treated RCC cells were significantly lower than those for the control cells, indicating that the SMYD2 inhibition enhanced the drug sensitivity in renal cancer cells.
Cisplatin
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: SET and MYND domain containing 2 (SMYD2) [4]
Resistant Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Resistant Drug Cisplatin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Kidney cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 8.07E-35
Fold-change: 6.59E-01
Z-score: 1.61E+01
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model HEK293T cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0063
HK-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0302
In Vivo Model Balb/c athymic nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blotting assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTS assay
Mechanism Description SMYD2 is a histone methyltransferase.The estimated IC50 values of cisplatin, doxorubicin, or 5-FU (but not docetaxel) for AZ505-treated RCC cells were significantly lower than those for the control cells, indicating that the SMYD2 inhibition enhanced the drug sensitivity in renal cancer cells.
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-148a [14]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Caspase signaling pathway Activation hsa04210
In Vitro Model Caki cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0234
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 RT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Flow cytometry assay; PI/Annexin staining assay
Mechanism Description miR148a increases the sensitivity to cisplatin by targeting Rab14 in renal cancer cells, transfection with the miR148a mimics resulted in the activation of caspase pathway.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-27b [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Ras-related protein Rab-14 (RAB14) [14]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Caspase signaling pathway Activation hsa04210
In Vitro Model Caki cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0234
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 RT-PCR; Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Flow cytometry assay; PI/Annexin staining assay
Mechanism Description miR148a increases the sensitivity to cisplatin by targeting Rab14 in renal cancer cells, transfection with the miR148a mimics resulted in the activation of caspase pathway.
Key Molecule: Cyclin-G1 (CCNG1) [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
Sorafenib
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: LncRNA sorafenib resistance in renal cell carcinoma associated (LNCSRLR) [7]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sorafenib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Kidney clear cell carcinoma
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 1.90E-47
Fold-change: 2.36E+00
Z-score: 1.57E+01
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Sorafenib tolerance Activation hsa00983
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
A498 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1056
Caki-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0235
OSRC-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1626
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Microarray assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description Long noncoding RNA-SRLR elicits intrinsic sorafenib resistance via evoking IL-6/STAT3 axis in renal cell carcinoma. LncRNA-SRLR directly binds to NF-kB and promotes IL-6 transcription, leading to the activation of STAT3 and the development of sorafenib tolerance.
Key Molecule: Interleukin-6 (IL6) [7]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sorafenib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 2.23E-04
Fold-change: 2.17E-01
Z-score: 4.95E+00
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell cytotoxicity Activation hsa04650
Tumorigenesis Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
A498 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1056
Caki-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0235
OSRC-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1626
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description Long noncoding RNA-SRLR elicits intrinsic sorafenib resistance via evoking IL-6/STAT3 axis in renal cell carcinoma. LncRNA-SRLR directly binds to NF-kB and promotes IL-6 transcription, leading to the activation of STAT3 and the development of sorafenib tolerance.
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Signal transducer activator transcription 3 (STAT3) [7]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Sorafenib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 6.66E-01
Fold-change: 1.15E-02
Z-score: 4.44E-01
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Sorafenib tolerance Activation hsa00983
In Vitro Model 786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
A498 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1056
Caki-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0235
OSRC-2 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1626
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description Long noncoding RNA-SRLR elicits intrinsic sorafenib resistance via evoking IL-6/STAT3 axis in renal cell carcinoma. LncRNA-SRLR directly binds to NF-kB and promotes IL-6 transcription, leading to the activation of STAT3 and the development of sorafenib tolerance.
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member1 (CYP1B1) [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Sorafenib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-27b [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Sorafenib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Cyclin-G1 (CCNG1) [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Sorafenib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
Topotecan
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) [8]
Sensitive Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Sensitive Drug Topotecan
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 5.92E-07
Fold-change: 2.01E-01
Z-score: 8.08E+00
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell colony Inhibition hsa05200
Cell viability Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model A498 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1056
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 XTT assay
Mechanism Description Inhibition of miR-21 rescues PDCD4 and PTEN protein levels and improves chemosensitivity and therapeutic response.
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-21 [8]
Sensitive Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Sensitive Drug Topotecan
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell colony Inhibition hsa05200
Cell viability Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model A498 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1056
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 XTT assay
Mechanism Description Inhibition of miR-21 rescues PDCD4 and PTEN protein levels and improves chemosensitivity and therapeutic response.
Gefitinib
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member1 (CYP1B1) [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Gefitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 9.73E-03
Fold-change: -1.49E-01
Z-score: -3.05E+00
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-27b [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Gefitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Cyclin-G1 (CCNG1) [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Gefitinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
Vincristine
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCB1) [3]
Sensitive Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Sensitive Drug Vincristine
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease
Classification of Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90]
The Specified Disease Renal cancer
The Studied Tissue Kidney
The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue
p-value: 2.04E-02
Fold-change: -1.96E-01
Z-score: -2.71E+00
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
In Vitro Model Flp-In-293/Mock cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_U421
Flp-In-293/ABCB1 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_U421
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 ATPase assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 MTT assay
Mechanism Description Through calcein assays, we found that epimagnolin A inhibited the ABCB1-mediated export of calcein. This result suggests that epimagnolin A behaved as inhibitor or substrate for ABCB1. In ATPase assays, epimagnolin A stimulated ABCB1-dependent ATPase activity. This result indicates that epimagnolin A was recognised as a substrate by ABCB1, since ABCB1 utilises energy derived from ATP hydrolysis for substrate transport. Furthermore, in MTT assays we found that the cytotoxicity of daunorubicin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and vincristine was enhanced by epimagnolin A in a manner comparable to verapamil, a typical substrate for ABCB1.
Cabozantinib
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Regulation by the Disease Microenvironment (RTDM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Pro-angiogenic factors [13]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Cabozantinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells Kidney Chlorocebus sabaeus (Green monkey) (Cercopithecus sabaeus) CVCL_YQ49
HUVEC cells Endothelium Homo sapiens (Human) N.A.
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Secreted protein measurements assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Flow cytometry
Mechanism Description We show that circulating immune cells from patients with ccRCC induce cabozantinib resistance via increased secretion of a set of pro-angiogenic factors.
Epirubicin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member1 (CYP1B1) [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Epirubicin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-27b [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Epirubicin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Cyclin-G1 (CCNG1) [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Epirubicin
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
Etoposide
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member1 (CYP1B1) [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Etoposide
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
  Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-27b [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Etoposide
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Cyclin-G1 (CCNG1) [10]
Sensitive Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Sensitive Drug Etoposide
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
miR27b/CCNG1/p53 signaling pathway Regulation N.A.
In Vitro Model 769-P cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1050
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay
Mechanism Description miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs througth enhancing anticancer drug-induced cell death which due to p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression.
Everolimus
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Regulation by the Disease Microenvironment (RTDM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-92a [16]
Resistant Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Resistant Drug Everolimus
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Caki-1 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0234
786-O cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
ACHN cells Pleural effusion Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1067
A498 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1056
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description NC886 also promotes renal cancer cell drug-resistance to Sunitinib or Everolimus by promoting EMT through Rock2 phosphorylation-mediated nuclear translocation of beta-catenin.
Imatinib
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (KIT) [17]
Resistant Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Resistant Drug Imatinib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Dimerisation
Up-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model HEK 293 cells Kidney Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0045
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 Flow cytometry
Mechanism Description These results demonstrated that the c-kit mutation drove auto-dimerisation, and promoted receptor phosphorylation, and ligand-independent receptor signalling pathway. Therefore, dimerisation is the common step in both the activation processes of KIT prior to phosphorylation and therefore, blocking receptor dimerisation may be more effective than blocking the phosphorylated receptor.
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
1 drug(s) in total
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Dactolisib
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Chkb-as1 [22]
Resistant Disease Kidney cancer [ICD-11: 2C90.1]
Resistant Drug Dactolisib
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway Activation hsa04151
In Vitro Model 786-O-Res cells kidney Homo sapiens (Human) N.A.
Caki-1-Res cells kidney Homo sapiens (Human) N.A.
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration		 qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance		 CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description Western blotting and qRT-PCR were employed to examine alterations in signaling pathways, with an animal model providing additional validation. Our results show a marked increase in the IC50 of NVP-BEZ235 in resistant cell lines compared to their parental counterparts. A significant revelation was the role of LncRNA-CHKB-AS1 in mediating drug resistance. We observed dysregulated expression of CHKB-AS1 in both clinical samples of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and cell lines. In vivo experiments further substantiated our findings, showing that CHKB-AS1 overexpression significantly enhanced tumor growth and resistance to NVP-BEZ235 in a subcutaneous tumorigenesis model, as evidenced by increased tumor volume and weight, whereas CHKB-AS1 knockdown led to a marked reduction in these parameters. Critically, CHKB-AS1 was identified to interact with MAP4, a key regulator in the phosphorylation of the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Investigative Drug(s)
1 drug(s) in total
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MET inhibitors
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Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
  Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) [23]
Sensitive Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Sensitive Drug MET inhibitors
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Copy number gain
.
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Key Molecule: Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) [23]
Sensitive Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Sensitive Drug MET inhibitors
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Missense mutation
p.H1094R (c.3281A>G)
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Renal cell carcinoma tissue N.A.
Mechanism Description The missense mutation p.H1094R (c.3281A>G) in gene MET cause the sensitivity of MET inhibitors by aberration of the drug's therapeutic target
Key Molecule: Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) [24]
Sensitive Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90.0]
Sensitive Drug MET inhibitors
 Drug Info 
Molecule Alteration Missense mutation
p.M1268T (c.3803T>C)
 Molecule Info 
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Human renal cell carcinoma tissue N.A.
Mechanism Description The missense mutation p.M1268T (c.3803T>C) in gene MET cause the sensitivity of MET inhibitors by aberration of the drug's therapeutic target
References
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Ref 2 Targeting miR-21 decreases expression of multi-drug resistant genes and promotes chemosensitivity of renal carcinoma. Tumour Biol. 2017 Jul;39(7):1010428317707372. doi: 10.1177/1010428317707372.
Ref 3 Epimagnolin A, a tetrahydrofurofuranoid lignan from Magnolia fargesii, reverses ABCB1-mediated drug resistance .Phytomedicine. 2018 Dec 1;51:112-119. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.030. Epub 2018 Jun 20. 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.030
Ref 4 Inhibition of SMYD2 suppresses tumor progression by down-regulating microRNA-125b and attenuates multi-drug resistance in renal cell carcinoma .Theranostics. 2019 Oct 22;9(26):8377-8391. doi: 10.7150/thno.37628. eCollection 2019. 10.7150/thno.37628
Ref 5 miR-381, a novel intrinsic WEE1 inhibitor, sensitizes renal cancer cells to 5-FU by up-regulation of Cdc2 activities in 786-O. J Chemother. 2013 Aug;25(4):229-38. doi: 10.1179/1973947813Y.0000000092. Epub 2013 May 7.
Ref 6 Exosome-Transmitted lncARSR Promotes Sunitinib Resistance in Renal Cancer by Acting as a Competing Endogenous RNA. Cancer Cell. 2016 May 9;29(5):653-668. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.03.004. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
Ref 7 Long noncoding RNA-SRLR elicits intrinsic sorafenib resistance via evoking IL-6/STAT3 axis in renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene. 2017 Apr 6;36(14):1965-1977. doi: 10.1038/onc.2016.356. Epub 2016 Nov 14.
Ref 8 Small Molecule Inhibition of MicroRNA miR-21 Rescues Chemosensitivity of Renal-Cell Carcinoma to Topotecan. J Med Chem. 2018 Jul 26;61(14):5900-5909. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01891. Epub 2018 Jul 11.
Ref 9 Inhibition of c-FLIPL expression by miRNA-708 increases the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs. Oncotarget. 2016 May 31;7(22):31832-46. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.7149.
Ref 10 miR-27b synergizes with anticancer drugs via p53 activation and CYP1B1 suppression. Cell Res. 2015 Apr;25(4):477-95. doi: 10.1038/cr.2015.23. Epub 2015 Feb 20.
Ref 11 Mir-144-3p Promotes Cell Proliferation, Metastasis, Sunitinib Resistance in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Downregulating ARID1A. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2017;43(6):2420-2433. doi: 10.1159/000484395. Epub 2017 Oct 27.
Ref 12 Combining the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Cabozantinib and the mTORC1/2 Inhibitor Sapanisertib Blocks ERK Pathway Activity and Suppresses Tumor Growth in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2023 Dec 15;83(24):4161-4178.
Ref 13 Immune cell mediated cabozantinib resistance for patients with renal cell carcinoma .Integr Biol (Camb). 2021 Dec 30;13(11):259-268. doi: 10.1093/intbio/zyab018. 10.1093/intbio/zyab018
Ref 14 miR-148a increases the sensitivity to cisplatin by targeting Rab14 in renal cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 2017 Mar;50(3):984-992. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3851. Epub 2017 Jan 17.
Ref 15 MicroRNA-451 regulates chemoresistance in renal cell carcinoma by targeting ATF-2 gene. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2017 Jun;242(12):1299-1305. doi: 10.1177/1535370217701625. Epub 2017 Apr 21.
Ref 16 Nc886 promotes renal cancer cell drug-resistance by enhancing EMT through Rock2 phosphorylation-mediated Beta-catenin nuclear translocation .Cell Cycle. 2022 Feb;21(4):340-351. doi: 10.1080/15384101.2021.2020431. Epub 2022 Jan 2. 10.1080/15384101.2021.2020431
Ref 17 Management of metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumour in the Glivec era: a practical case-based approach .Intern Med J. 2006 Jun;36(6):367-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01077.x. 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01077.x
Ref 18 miR-130b Promotes Sunitinib Resistance through Regulation of PTEN in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Oncology. 2019;97(3):164-172. doi: 10.1159/000500605. Epub 2019 Jun 13.
Ref 19 LncRNA-SARCC suppresses renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression via altering the androgen receptor(AR)/miRNA-143-3p signals. Cell Death Differ. 2017 Sep;24(9):1502-1517. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2017.74. Epub 2017 Jun 23.
Ref 20 A possible role for microRNA-141 down-regulation in sunitinib resistant metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma through induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and hypoxia resistance. J Urol. 2013 May;189(5):1930-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.133. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
Ref 21 Hsa_circ_0072732 enhances sunitinib resistance of renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting ferroptosis. Discov Oncol. 2024 Nov 23;15(1):700.
Ref 22 CHKB-AS1 enhances proliferation and resistance to NVP-BEZ235 of renal cancer cells via regulating the phosphorylation of MAP4 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Eur J Med Res. 2023 Dec 14;28(1):588.
Ref 23 Phase II and biomarker study of the dual MET/VEGFR2 inhibitor foretinib in patients with papillary renal cell carcinomaJ Clin Oncol. 2013 Jan 10;31(2):181-6. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.43.3383. Epub 2012 Dec 3.
Ref 24 Initial clinical sensitivity and acquired resistance to MET inhibition in MET-mutated papillary renal cell carcinomaJ Clin Oncol. 2013 Jun 1;31(16):e254-8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.46.4289. Epub 2013 Apr 22.

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