General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00066)
Name
Epithelial ovarian cancer
ICD
ICD-11: 2B5D
Resistance Map
Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease
  EADR: Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein
  IDUE: Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux
  RTDM: Regulation by the Disease Microenvironment
  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug
Approved Drug(s)
3 drug(s) in total
Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs
Cisplatin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-100 [1]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Resistant Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
SkOV3/DDP cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay; Crystal violet staining assay
Mechanism Description miR100 resensitizes resistant epithelial ovarian cancer to cisplatin probably by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and arresting cell cycle and by targeted downregulation of mTOR and PLk1 expression.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-520g [2]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell invasion Activation hsa05200
Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
MAPK/AKT signaling pathway Regulation hsa04010
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
CAOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0201
OVCA433 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0475
OV2008 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0473
ES-2 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3509
MCAS cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3020
OVk18 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3770
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description miR-520g expression is significantly increased in EOC and high miR-520g expression promotes tumor development, increases chemoresistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and reduces patient survival. miR-520g directly targets and downregulates DAPk2 by binding the DAPk2 3'UTR. DAPk2 suppression, followed by MAPk and AkT pathway activation, promotes the biological processes mediated by miR-520g in EOC.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-136 [3]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Resistant Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Inhibition hsa04210
In Vitro Model OV2008 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0473
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR; RT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Trypan blue staining assay; Flow cytometry assay
Mechanism Description miR-136 may function as an anti-oncogene and deficiency of miR-136 expression in ovarian cancer can induce chemoresistance at least in part by downregulating apoptosis and promoting the repair of cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Thus, miR-136 may provide a biomarker for predicting the chemosensitivity to cisplatin in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Key Molecule: hsa-let-7e [4]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Resistant Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Inhibition hsa04210
Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
Cell viability Activation hsa05200
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
ES2 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_AX39
In Vivo Model BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
RT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTT assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression of let-7e by transfection of agomir could resensitize A2780/CP and reduce the expression of cisplatin-resistant-related proteins enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) and cyclin D1 (CCND1), whereas let-7e inhibitors increased resistance to cisplatin in parental A2780 cells.
Key Molecule: hsa-let-7i [5]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Resistant Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
OVCAR3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0465
OVCAR10 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_4377
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
RT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTT assay
Mechanism Description Reduced let-7i expression significantly increased the resistance of ovarian and breast cancer cells to the chemotherapy drug, cis-platinum.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-363 [6]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Resistant Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Mechanism Description Down-regulation of miR-363 led to cisplatin resistance in the epithelial ovarian cancer.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-363 [6]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Resistant Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Mechanism Description Down-regulation of miR-363 led to cisplatin resistance in the epithelial ovarian cancer.
       Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR (mTOR) [1]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
SkOV3/DDP cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay; Crystal violet staining assay
Mechanism Description miR100 resensitizes resistant epithelial ovarian cancer to cisplatin probably by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and arresting cell cycle and by targeted downregulation of mTOR and PLk1 expression.
Key Molecule: Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 (PLK1) [1]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
SkOV3/DDP cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay; Crystal violet staining assay
Mechanism Description miR100 resensitizes resistant epithelial ovarian cancer to cisplatin probably by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and arresting cell cycle and by targeted downregulation of mTOR and PLk1 expression.
Key Molecule: Death-associated protein kinase 2 (DAPK2) [2]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Resistant Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell invasion Activation hsa05200
Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
MAPK/AKT signaling pathway Regulation hsa04010
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
CAOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0201
OVCA433 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0475
OV2008 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0473
ES-2 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3509
MCAS cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3020
OVk18 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3770
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description miR-520g expression is significantly increased in EOC and high miR-520g expression promotes tumor development, increases chemoresistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and reduces patient survival. miR-520g directly targets and downregulates DAPk2 by binding the DAPk2 3'UTR. DAPk2 suppression, followed by MAPk and AkT pathway activation, promotes the biological processes mediated by miR-520g in EOC.
Key Molecule: G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1) [4]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Inhibition hsa04210
Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
Spheroid formation Activation hsa04140
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
ES2 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_AX39
In Vivo Model BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blotting analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTT assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression of let-7e by transfection of agomir could resensitize A2780/CP and reduce the expression of cisplatin-resistant-related proteins enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) and cyclin D1 (CCND1), whereas let-7e inhibitors increased resistance to cisplatin in parental A2780 cells.
Key Molecule: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 (EZH2) [4]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Inhibition hsa04210
Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
Cell viability Activation hsa05200
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
ES2 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_AX39
In Vivo Model BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blotting analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTT assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression of let-7e by transfection of agomir could resensitize A2780/CP and reduce the expression of cisplatin-resistant-related proteins enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) and cyclin D1 (CCND1), whereas let-7e inhibitors increased resistance to cisplatin in parental A2780 cells.
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5) [7]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell formation Inhibition hsa05200
Cell invasion Inhibition hsa05200
MAPK signaling pathway Regulation hsa04010
In Vitro Model HEY cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0297
SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
RT-qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay; Flow cytometry assay
Mechanism Description GAS5 might regulate PARP1 expression by recruiting the transcription factor E2F4 to its promoter, and then affect the MAPk pathway activity and enhance sensitivity to DDP of OC both in vitro and in vivo.
Key Molecule: hsa-miR-429 [8]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay; Colony formation assay; Flow cytometric apoptosis assay
Mechanism Description Down-regulation of miR429 contributes to the development of drug resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer by targeting ZEB1.
Key Molecule: hsa-let-7e [9]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
HO8910 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6868
CAOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0201
ES2 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_AX39
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
RT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTT assay; Colony-formation assay
Mechanism Description Let-7e sensitizes epithelial ovarian cancer to cisplatin through repressing RNA double strand break repair In EOC, low let-7e leads to activation of BRCA1 and Rad51 expression and subsequent enhancement of DSB repair, which in turn results in cisplatin-resistance.
Key Molecule: hsa-miR-214-3p [10]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell invasion Inhibition hsa05200
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model OVCAR3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0465
CAOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0201
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR; Luciferase reporter assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description Upregulation of long non-coding RNA XIST has anticancer effects on epithelial ovarian cancer cells through inverse downregulation of hsa-miR-214-3p.
Key Molecule: X inactive specific transcript (XIST) [10]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell invasion Inhibition hsa05200
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model OVCAR3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0465
CAOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0201
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description Upregulation of long non-coding RNA XIST has anticancer effects on epithelial ovarian cancer cells through inverse downregulation of hsa-miR-214-3p.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-424 [11]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation CD80/CTLA-4 signaling pathway Regulation hsa04514
Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
OVCAR3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0465
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
T-cell apoptosis assay
Mechanism Description High expression levels of miR-424(322) were positively correlated with the PFS of ovarian cancer patients. miR-424(322) overexpression reduced PD-L1 and CD80 expression through direct binding to the 3'-UTR of these genes. Furthermore, low miR-424(322) and high PD-L1 expression were significantly correlated and strongly associated with chemoresistant phenotypes in ovarian cancer cells and tissues. Restoration of miR-424(322) expression (+) the sensitivity of cancer cells to drug treatment and was accompanied by T-cell activation by blocking the PD-L1 immune checkpoint in both in vitro and in vivo models. Our current findings indicate that miR-424(322) regulates PD-L1 and CD80 expression. Therefore, miR-424(322) might serve as a therapeutic target to enhance the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells through checkpoint blockage, which thereby promotes the T-cell response in attacking tumour cells.
Key Molecule: hsa-miR-509-3p [12]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
RT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTT assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression of miR-509-3p can not only downregulate the expression of XIAP in ovarian cancer cells but also inhibit the proliferation of EOC cells and increase their sensitivity to cisplatin-induced apoptosis.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-101 [13]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell migration Inhibition hsa04670
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTT assay; BrdU assay
Mechanism Description miR-101 overexpression decreased the expression of EZH2, reduced proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells, and resensitized drug-resistant cancer cells to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity.
       Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Poly[ADP-ribose] synthase 1 (PARP1) [7]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell cycle arrest Activation hsa04110
MAPK signaling pathway Regulation hsa04010
In Vitro Model HEY cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0297
SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay; Flow cytometry assay
Mechanism Description GAS5 might regulate PARP1 expression by recruiting the transcription factor E2F4 to its promoter, and then affect the MAPk pathway activity and enhance sensitivity to DDP of OC both in vitro and in vivo.
Key Molecule: Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) [8]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay; Colony formation assay; Flow cytometric apoptosis assay
Mechanism Description Down-regulation of miR429 contributes to the development of drug resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer by targeting ZEB1.
Key Molecule: T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 (CD80) [11]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway Regulation hsa05235
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
OVCAR3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0465
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
T-cell apoptosis assay
Mechanism Description High expression levels of miR-424(322) were positively correlated with the PFS of ovarian cancer patients. miR-424(322) overexpression reduced PD-L1 and CD80 expression through direct binding to the 3'-UTR of these genes. Furthermore, low miR-424(322) and high PD-L1 expression were significantly correlated and strongly associated with chemoresistant phenotypes in ovarian cancer cells and tissues. Restoration of miR-424(322) expression (+) the sensitivity of cancer cells to drug treatment and was accompanied by T-cell activation by blocking the PD-L1 immune checkpoint in both in vitro and in vivo models. Our current findings indicate that miR-424(322) regulates PD-L1 and CD80 expression. Therefore, miR-424(322) might serve as a therapeutic target to enhance the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells through checkpoint blockage, which thereby promotes the T-cell response in attacking tumour cells.
Key Molecule: T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 (CD80) [11]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation CD80/CTLA-4 signaling pathway Regulation hsa04514
Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
OVCAR3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0465
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
T-cell apoptosis assay
Mechanism Description High expression levels of miR-424(322) were positively correlated with the PFS of ovarian cancer patients. miR-424(322) overexpression reduced PD-L1 and CD80 expression through direct binding to the 3'-UTR of these genes. Furthermore, low miR-424(322) and high PD-L1 expression were significantly correlated and strongly associated with chemoresistant phenotypes in ovarian cancer cells and tissues. Restoration of miR-424(322) expression (+) the sensitivity of cancer cells to drug treatment and was accompanied by T-cell activation by blocking the PD-L1 immune checkpoint in both in vitro and in vivo models. Our current findings indicate that miR-424(322) regulates PD-L1 and CD80 expression. Therefore, miR-424(322) might serve as a therapeutic target to enhance the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells through checkpoint blockage, which thereby promotes the T-cell response in attacking tumour cells.
Key Molecule: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA4) [11]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation CD80/CTLA-4 signaling pathway Regulation hsa04514
Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
OVCAR3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0465
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
T-cell apoptosis assay
Mechanism Description High expression levels of miR-424(322) were positively correlated with the PFS of ovarian cancer patients. miR-424(322) overexpression reduced PD-L1 and CD80 expression through direct binding to the 3'-UTR of these genes. Furthermore, low miR-424(322) and high PD-L1 expression were significantly correlated and strongly associated with chemoresistant phenotypes in ovarian cancer cells and tissues. Restoration of miR-424(322) expression (+) the sensitivity of cancer cells to drug treatment and was accompanied by T-cell activation by blocking the PD-L1 immune checkpoint in both in vitro and in vivo models. Our current findings indicate that miR-424(322) regulates PD-L1 and CD80 expression. Therefore, miR-424(322) might serve as a therapeutic target to enhance the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells through checkpoint blockage, which thereby promotes the T-cell response in attacking tumour cells.
Key Molecule: Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) [11]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway Regulation hsa05235
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
OVCAR3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0465
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
T-cell apoptosis assay
Mechanism Description High expression levels of miR-424(322) were positively correlated with the PFS of ovarian cancer patients. miR-424(322) overexpression reduced PD-L1 and CD80 expression through direct binding to the 3'-UTR of these genes. Furthermore, low miR-424(322) and high PD-L1 expression were significantly correlated and strongly associated with chemoresistant phenotypes in ovarian cancer cells and tissues. Restoration of miR-424(322) expression (+) the sensitivity of cancer cells to drug treatment and was accompanied by T-cell activation by blocking the PD-L1 immune checkpoint in both in vitro and in vivo models. Our current findings indicate that miR-424(322) regulates PD-L1 and CD80 expression. Therefore, miR-424(322) might serve as a therapeutic target to enhance the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells through checkpoint blockage, which thereby promotes the T-cell response in attacking tumour cells.
Key Molecule: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP (XIAP) [12]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTT assay
Mechanism Description Overexpression of miR-509-3p can not only downregulate the expression of XIAP in ovarian cancer cells but also inhibit the proliferation of EOC cells and increase their sensitivity to cisplatin-induced apoptosis.
Key Molecule: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 (EZH2) [13]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Sensitive Drug Cisplatin
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell migration Inhibition hsa04670
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTT assay; BrdU assay
Mechanism Description miR-101 overexpression decreased the expression of EZH2, reduced proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells, and resensitized drug-resistant cancer cells to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity.
Paclitaxel
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Long non-protein coding RNA 1118 (LINC01118) [14]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Paclitaxel
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Inhibition hsa04210
Cell invasion Activation hsa05200
Cell migration Activation hsa04670
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
COC1 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6891
SkOV3-TR30 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTS assay; Flow cytometry assay
Mechanism Description LINC01118 Can enhance ABCC1 expression by suppressing miR-134 expression to promote paclitaxel resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-134 [14]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Resistant Drug Paclitaxel
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Inhibition hsa04210
Cell invasion Activation hsa05200
Cell migration Activation hsa04670
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
COC1 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6891
SkOV3-TR30 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
RT-qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTS assay; Flow cytometry assay
Mechanism Description LINC01118 Can enhance ABCC1 expression by suppressing miR-134 expression to promote paclitaxel resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-520g [2]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Paclitaxel
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell invasion Activation hsa05200
Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
MAPK/AKT signaling pathway Regulation hsa04010
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
CAOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0201
OVCA433 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0475
OV2008 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0473
ES-2 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3509
MCAS cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3020
OVk18 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3770
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description miR-520g expression is significantly increased in EOC and high miR-520g expression promotes tumor development, increases chemoresistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and reduces patient survival. miR-520g directly targets and downregulates DAPk2 by binding the DAPk2 3'UTR. DAPk2 suppression, followed by MAPk and AkT pathway activation, promotes the biological processes mediated by miR-520g in EOC.
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) [14]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Paclitaxel
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Inhibition hsa04210
Cell invasion Activation hsa05200
Cell migration Activation hsa04670
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
COC1 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6891
SkOV3-TR30 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis; RT-qPCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTS assay; Flow cytometry assay
Mechanism Description LINC01118 Can enhance ABCC1 expression by suppressing miR-134 expression to promote paclitaxel resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer.
       Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Death-associated protein kinase 2 (DAPK2) [2]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Resistant Drug Paclitaxel
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell invasion Activation hsa05200
Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
MAPK/AKT signaling pathway Regulation hsa04010
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
CAOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0201
OVCA433 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0475
OV2008 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0473
ES-2 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3509
MCAS cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3020
OVk18 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3770
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description miR-520g expression is significantly increased in EOC and high miR-520g expression promotes tumor development, increases chemoresistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and reduces patient survival. miR-520g directly targets and downregulates DAPk2 by binding the DAPk2 3'UTR. DAPk2 suppression, followed by MAPk and AkT pathway activation, promotes the biological processes mediated by miR-520g in EOC.
Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-146a [15]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Sensitive Drug Paclitaxel
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
miR146a/SOD2/ROS signaling pathway Regulation hsa05206
In Vitro Model Huh-7 cells Liver Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0336
HepG2 cells Liver Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0027
Hep3B cells Liver Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0326
PLC cells Liver Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0485
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
RT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTT assay; CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description miR-146a as a potential tumor suppressor in patients with EOC. miR-146a downregulates expression of SOD2 and enhances ROS generation, leading to increased apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation, and (+) sensitivity to chemotherapy.
       Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Superoxide dismutase Mn (SODM) [15]
Sensitive Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Sensitive Drug Paclitaxel
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell proliferation Inhibition hsa05200
miR146a/SOD2/ROS signaling pathway Regulation hsa05206
In Vitro Model Huh-7 cells Liver Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0336
HepG2 cells Liver Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0027
Hep3B cells Liver Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0326
PLC cells Liver Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0485
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTT assay; CCK8 assay
Mechanism Description miR-146a as a potential tumor suppressor in patients with EOC. miR-146a downregulates expression of SOD2 and enhances ROS generation, leading to increased apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation, and (+) sensitivity to chemotherapy.
Sanguinarine
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Cancer susceptibility 2 (CASC2) [16]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Resistant Drug Sanguinarine
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Inhibition hsa04210
Cell proliferation Activation hsa05200
Cell viability Activation hsa05200
NF-kB signaling pathway Activation hsa04218
PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway Activation hsa04151
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
OVCAR3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0465
HO8910 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6868
CAOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0201
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTT assay; Transwell assay; Flow cytometry assay
Mechanism Description Sanguinarine exhibits antitumor effects in epithelial ovarian cancer cells possible via regulating CASC2-EIF4A3 axis and/or inhibiting NF-kB signaling or PI3k/AkT/mTOR pathway and IF4A3 was identified as a CASC2 binding protein, and knockdown of EIF4A3 further reversed the effects of sanguinarine plus CASC2 silencing.
       Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-III (EIF4A3) [16]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Sanguinarine
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Inhibition hsa04210
Cell invasion Activation hsa05200
Cell migration Activation hsa04670
Cell viability Activation hsa05200
NF-kB signaling pathway Activation hsa04218
PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway Activation hsa04151
In Vitro Model SkOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0532
A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
OVCAR3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0465
HO8910 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6868
CAOV3 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0201
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MTT assay; Transwell assay; Flow cytometry assay
Mechanism Description Sanguinarine exhibits antitumor effects in epithelial ovarian cancer cells possible via regulating CASC2-EIF4A3 axis and/or inhibiting NF-kB signaling or PI3k/AkT/mTOR pathway and IF4A3 was identified as a CASC2 binding protein, and knockdown of EIF4A3 further reversed the effects of sanguinarine plus CASC2 silencing.
Investigative Drug(s)
1 drug(s) in total
Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs
Platinum
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-130a [17]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Platinum
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Activation hsa04151
In Vitro Model Epithelial ovarian cancer patients Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) N.A.
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
RT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution cell proliferation assay
Mechanism Description miR-130a may mediate the generation of platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer through inhibiting PTEN to activate PI3k/AkT signaling pathway and increasing BCL-2 to inhibit tumor cell apoptosis.
       Regulation by the Disease Microenvironment (RTDM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) [18]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Resistant Drug Platinum
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell viability Inhibition hsa05200
PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Western blot analysis
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay; Flow cytometry assay
Mechanism Description Hypoxic TAMs derived exosomes containing miR-223 were internalized by EOC cells and promoted drug resistance of EOC cells and exosmic miR-223 inactivate PI3k/AkT pathway through PTEN targeting.
Key Molecule: hsa-mir-223 [18]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Platinum
Experimental Note Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
Cell viability Inhibition hsa05200
PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Inhibition hsa04151
In Vitro Model A2780 cells Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0134
In Vivo Model Nude mouse xenograft model Mus musculus
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CCK8 assay; Flow cytometry assay
Mechanism Description Hypoxic TAMs derived exosomes containing miR-223 were internalized by EOC cells and promoted drug resistance of EOC cells and exosmic miR-223 inactivate PI3k/AkT pathway through PTEN targeting.
       Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) [17]
Resistant Disease Epithelial ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2B5D.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Down-regulation
Resistant Drug Platinum
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
Cell Pathway Regulation Cell apoptosis Activation hsa04210
PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Activation hsa04151
In Vitro Model Epithelial ovarian cancer patients Ovary Homo sapiens (Human) N.A.
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
ELISA assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution cell proliferation assay
Mechanism Description miR-130a may mediate the generation of platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer through inhibiting PTEN to activate PI3k/AkT signaling pathway and increasing BCL-2 to inhibit tumor cell apoptosis.
References
Ref 1 miR-100 resensitizes resistant epithelial ovarian cancer to cisplatin. Oncol Rep. 2016 Dec;36(6):3552-3558. doi: 10.3892/or.2016.5140. Epub 2016 Oct 3.
Ref 2 MicroRNA-520g promotes epithelial ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance via DAPK2 repression. Oncotarget. 2016 May 3;7(18):26516-34. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8530.
Ref 3 Expression of miR-136 is associated with the primary cisplatin resistance of human epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep. 2015 Feb;33(2):591-8. doi: 10.3892/or.2014.3640. Epub 2014 Dec 2.
Ref 4 Deregulation of let-7e in epithelial ovarian cancer promotes the development of resistance to cisplatin. Oncogenesis. 2013 Oct 7;2(10):e75. doi: 10.1038/oncsis.2013.39.
Ref 5 MicroRNA microarray identifies Let-7i as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. 2008 Dec 15;68(24):10307-14. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1954.
Ref 6 EMT-associated microRNAs and their roles in cancer stemness and drug resistance .Cancer Commun (Lond). 2021 Mar;41(3):199-217. doi: 10.1002/cac2.12138. Epub 2021 Jan 27. 10.1002/cac2.12138
Ref 7 Long non-coding RNA GAS5 inhibits DDP-resistance and tumor progression of epithelial ovarian cancer via GAS5-E2F4-PARP1-MAPK axis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Aug 7;38(1):345. doi: 10.1186/s13046-019-1329-2.
Ref 8 Downregulation of miR-429 contributes to the development of drug resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer by targeting ZEB1. Am J Transl Res. 2017 Mar 15;9(3):1357-1368. eCollection 2017.
Ref 9 Let-7e sensitizes epithelial ovarian cancer to cisplatin through repressing DNA double strand break repair. J Ovarian Res. 2017 Apr 4;10(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s13048-017-0321-8.
Ref 10 Upregulation of long non-coding RNA XIST has anticancer effects on epithelial ovarian cancer cells through inverse downregulation of hsa-miR-214-3p. J Gynecol Oncol. 2018 Nov;29(6):e99. doi: 10.3802/jgo.2018.29.e99.
Ref 11 miR-424(322) reverses chemoresistance via T-cell immune response activation by blocking the PD-L1 immune checkpoint. Nat Commun. 2016 May 5;7:11406. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11406.
Ref 12 MicroRNA-509-3p increases the sensitivity of epithelial ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Pharmacogenomics. 2016 Feb;17(3):187-97. doi: 10.2217/pgs.15.166. Epub 2016 Jan 20.
Ref 13 miR-101 regulates expression of EZH2 and contributes to progression of and cisplatin resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol. 2014 Dec;35(12):12619-26. doi: 10.1007/s13277-014-2585-6. Epub 2014 Sep 27.
Ref 14 LINC01118 Modulates Paclitaxel Resistance of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Regulating miR-134/ABCC1. Med Sci Monit. 2018 Dec 6;24:8831-8839. doi: 10.12659/MSM.910932.
Ref 15 miR-146a Inhibits Proliferation and Enhances Chemosensitivity in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer via Reduction of SOD2. Oncol Res. 2016;23(6):275-82. doi: 10.3727/096504016X14562725373798.
Ref 16 Sanguinarine inhibits epithelial ovarian cancer development via regulating long non-coding RNA CASC2-EIF4A3 axis and/or inhibiting NF-kB signaling or PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Jun;102:302-308. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.071. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
Ref 17 [Expression of MiR-130a in Serum Samples of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Its Association with Platinum Resistance]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2016 Jan;47(1):60-3.
Ref 18 Macrophages derived exosomes deliver miR-223 to epithelial ovarian cancer cells to elicit a chemoresistant phenotype. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Feb 15;38(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s13046-019-1095-1.

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