General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00018)
Name
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection
ICD
ICD-11: 1B21
Resistance Map
Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease
  DISM: Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification
  IDUE: Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux
  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug
Approved Drug(s)
24 drug(s) in total
Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs
Amikacin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Amikacin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
Ampicillin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Ampicillin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
Cefazolin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Cefazolin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
Cefepime
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Cefepime
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
Cefotaxime
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Cefotaxime
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
Cefozopran
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Cefozopran
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
Chloramphenicol
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Chloramphenicol
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Lincomycin resistance efflux pump (LMRS) [2]
Resistant Disease Superficial skin infection by Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B21.3]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Chloramphenicol
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli kAM32 562
Staphylococcus aureus OM505 1280
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description LmrS is a multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily from staphylococcus aureus.
Ciprofloxacin XR
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Ciprofloxacin XR
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
Clindamycin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: ABC protein lsaC (lsaC-Unclear) [3]
Resistant Disease Streptococcus agalactiae infection [ICD-11: 1B21.2]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Clindamycin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli TOP10 83333
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 1280
Streptococcus agalactiae UCN70 1311
Streptococcus agalactiae isolates 1311
Streptococcus agalactiae BM132 1319
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description Expression of this novel gene, named lsa(C), in S. agalactiae BM132 after cloning led to an increase in MICs of lincomycin (0.06 to 4 ug/ml), clindamycin (0.03 to 2 ug/ml), dalfopristin (2 to >32 ug/ml), and tiamulin (0.12 to 32 ug/ml), whereas no change in MICs of erythromycin (0.06 ug/ml), azithromycin (0.03 ug/ml), spiramycin (0.25 ug/ml), telithromycin (0.03 ug/ml), and quinupristin (8 ug/ml) was observed. The phenotype was renamed the LS(A)P phenotype on the basis of cross-resistance to lincosamides, streptogramins A, and pleuromutilins.
Co-trimoxazole
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Co-trimoxazole
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
Dalfopristin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: ABC protein lsaC (lsaC-Unclear) [3]
Resistant Disease Streptococcus agalactiae infection [ICD-11: 1B21.2]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Dalfopristin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli TOP10 83333
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 1280
Streptococcus agalactiae UCN70 1311
Streptococcus agalactiae isolates 1311
Streptococcus agalactiae BM132 1319
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description Expression of this novel gene, named lsa(C), in S. agalactiae BM132 after cloning led to an increase in MICs of lincomycin (0.06 to 4 ug/ml), clindamycin (0.03 to 2 ug/ml), dalfopristin (2 to >32 ug/ml), and tiamulin (0.12 to 32 ug/ml), whereas no change in MICs of erythromycin (0.06 ug/ml), azithromycin (0.03 ug/ml), spiramycin (0.25 ug/ml), telithromycin (0.03 ug/ml), and quinupristin (8 ug/ml) was observed. The phenotype was renamed the LS(A)P phenotype on the basis of cross-resistance to lincosamides, streptogramins A, and pleuromutilins.
Daptomycin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Cardiolipin synthase 2 (CLS2) [4]
Resistant Disease Complicated skin infection Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B21.1]
Molecule Alteration Missense mutation
p.A23V+p.T33N+p.L52F+p.F60S
Resistant Drug Daptomycin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Staphylococcus aureus isolates 1280
Staphylococcus aureus MRSA32 [A5948] 553567
Staphylococcus aureus RN6607 [A8115] 553573
Staphylococcus aureus RN9120 [A8117] 553574
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description Mutation in each of these genes act similarly to reduce the net-negative charge of the cell membrane leading to electrorepulsion of daptomycin. They may act in isolation or in concert with each other, particularly for mutations in mprF and cls2.
Key Molecule: Phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase (PGSA) [4]
Resistant Disease Complicated skin infection Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B21.1]
Molecule Alteration Missense mutation
p.V59D+p.A64V+p.K75N+p.Ins.G76;Q77+p.S177F
Resistant Drug Daptomycin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Staphylococcus aureus isolates 1280
Staphylococcus aureus MRSA32 [A5948] 553567
Staphylococcus aureus RN6607 [A8115] 553573
Staphylococcus aureus RN9120 [A8117] 553574
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description Mutation in each of these genes act similarly to reduce the net-negative charge of the cell membrane leading to electrorepulsion of daptomycin. They may act in isolation or in concert with each other, particularly for mutations in mprF and cls2.
Erythromycin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Lincomycin resistance efflux pump (LMRS) [2]
Resistant Disease Superficial skin infection by Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B21.3]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Erythromycin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli kAM32 562
Staphylococcus aureus OM505 1280
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description LmrS is a multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily from staphylococcus aureus.
Florfenicol
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Lincomycin resistance efflux pump (LMRS) [2]
Resistant Disease Superficial skin infection by Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B21.3]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Florfenicol
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli kAM32 562
Staphylococcus aureus OM505 1280
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description LmrS is a multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily from staphylococcus aureus.
Gentamicin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Gentamicin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
Kanamycin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Lincomycin resistance efflux pump (LMRS) [2]
Resistant Disease Superficial skin infection by Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B21.3]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Kanamycin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli kAM32 562
Staphylococcus aureus OM505 1280
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description LmrS is a multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily from staphylococcus aureus.
Levofloxacin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Levofloxacin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
Lincomycin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: ABC protein lsaC (lsaC-Unclear) [3]
Resistant Disease Streptococcus agalactiae infection [ICD-11: 1B21.2]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Lincomycin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli TOP10 83333
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 1280
Streptococcus agalactiae UCN70 1311
Streptococcus agalactiae isolates 1311
Streptococcus agalactiae BM132 1319
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description Expression of this novel gene, named lsa(C), in S. agalactiae BM132 after cloning led to an increase in MICs of lincomycin (0.06 to 4 ug/ml), clindamycin (0.03 to 2 ug/ml), dalfopristin (2 to >32 ug/ml), and tiamulin (0.12 to 32 ug/ml), whereas no change in MICs of erythromycin (0.06 ug/ml), azithromycin (0.03 ug/ml), spiramycin (0.25 ug/ml), telithromycin (0.03 ug/ml), and quinupristin (8 ug/ml) was observed. The phenotype was renamed the LS(A)P phenotype on the basis of cross-resistance to lincosamides, streptogramins A, and pleuromutilins.
Linezolid
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Lincomycin resistance efflux pump (LMRS) [2]
Resistant Disease Superficial skin infection by Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B21.3]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Linezolid
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli kAM32 562
Staphylococcus aureus OM505 1280
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description LmrS is a multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily from staphylococcus aureus.
Meropenem
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Meropenem
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
Piperacillin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Piperacillin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
Streptomycin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Lincomycin resistance efflux pump (LMRS) [2]
Resistant Disease Superficial skin infection by Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B21.3]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Streptomycin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli kAM32 562
Staphylococcus aureus OM505 1280
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description LmrS is a multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily from staphylococcus aureus.
Tiamulin
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: ABC protein lsaC (lsaC-Unclear) [3]
Resistant Disease Streptococcus agalactiae infection [ICD-11: 1B21.2]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Tiamulin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli TOP10 83333
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 1280
Streptococcus agalactiae UCN70 1311
Streptococcus agalactiae isolates 1311
Streptococcus agalactiae BM132 1319
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description Expression of this novel gene, named lsa(C), in S. agalactiae BM132 after cloning led to an increase in MICs of lincomycin (0.06 to 4 ug/ml), clindamycin (0.03 to 2 ug/ml), dalfopristin (2 to >32 ug/ml), and tiamulin (0.12 to 32 ug/ml), whereas no change in MICs of erythromycin (0.06 ug/ml), azithromycin (0.03 ug/ml), spiramycin (0.25 ug/ml), telithromycin (0.03 ug/ml), and quinupristin (8 ug/ml) was observed. The phenotype was renamed the LS(A)P phenotype on the basis of cross-resistance to lincosamides, streptogramins A, and pleuromutilins.
Trimethoprim
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Lincomycin resistance efflux pump (LMRS) [2]
Resistant Disease Superficial skin infection by Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B21.3]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Trimethoprim
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli kAM32 562
Staphylococcus aureus OM505 1280
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay; Allelic frequency measurement assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay
Mechanism Description LmrS is a multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily from staphylococcus aureus.
Investigative Drug(s)
1 drug(s) in total
Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs
Flomoxef
Click to Show/Hide
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: OXA-23 carbapenemase (BLA OXA-23) [1]
Resistant Disease Cutaneous bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1B21.4]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Flomoxef
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 470
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
qRT-PCR
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Broth microdilution method assay; Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description The isolate was resistant to antibiotics other than ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, suggesting drug resistance due to carbapenemase production by OXA-23.carbapenem resistance in the isolated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain was at least partially conferred by bla OXA-23-like carbapenemase.
References
Ref 1 Daptomycin .J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018 Jan 1;73(1):1-11. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx349. 10.1093/jac/dkx349
Ref 2 LmrS is a multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily from Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Dec;54(12):5406-12. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00580-10. Epub 2010 Sep 20.
Ref 3 Cross-resistance to lincosamides, streptogramins A, and pleuromutilins due to the lsa(C) gene in Streptococcus agalactiae UCN70. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Apr;55(4):1470-4. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01068-10. Epub 2011 Jan 18.
Ref 4 Whole genome characterization of the mechanisms of daptomycin resistance in clinical and laboratory derived isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e28316. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028316. Epub 2012 Jan 6.

If you find any error in data or bug in web service, please kindly report it to Dr. Sun and Dr. Zhang.