Disease Information

General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00027)

• Name: Campylobacteriosis
• ICD: ICD-11: 1C40

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease

  ADTT: Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target

  DISM: Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification

  IDUE: Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 6 drug(s) in total

Chloramphenicol

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Key Molecule: Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Campylobacter fetus infection [ICD-11: 1C40.0]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Drug: Chloramphenicol
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Campylobacter coli strain UA585; 195
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM 107; 562
• Mechanism Description: A chloramphenicol-resistance determinant (CmR), originally cloned from Campylobacter coli plasmid pNR9589 in Japan, was isolated and the nucleotide sequence determined, which contained an open reading frame of 621 bp. The gene product was identified as Cm acetyltransferase (CAT), which had a putative amino acid sequence that showed 43% to 57% identity with other CAT proteins of both Gram+ and Gram- origin.

Doxycycline

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: Ribosomal tetracycline resistance protein tet(44) (TET44) [2]

• Resistant Disease: Campylobacter fetus infection [ICD-11: 1C40.0]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Drug: Doxycycline
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli S17-1 Lambdapir; 1227813
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Illumina/Solexa sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution assay
• Mechanism Description: The 640-amino-acid tetracycline resistance determinant, Tet 44, belongs to a class of proteins that confers resistance to tetracycline and minocycline by ribosomal protection.

Kanamycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (A3AP) [3]

• Resistant Disease: Campylobacter fetus infection [ICD-11: 1C40.0]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Drug: Kanamycin
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Campylobacter jejuni; 197
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JC2926 C600; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Dideoxy method assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disk diffusion method assay
• Mechanism Description: A novel kanamycin phosphotransferase gene, aphA-7, was cloned from a 14-kb plasmid obtained from a strain of Campylobacter jejuni and the nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined. The presumed open reading frame of the aphA-7 structural gene was 753 bp in length and encoded a protein of 251 amino acids with a calculated weight of 29,691 Da.

Minocycline

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE)

Key Molecule: Ribosomal tetracycline resistance protein tet(44) (TET44) [2]

• Resistant Disease: Campylobacter fetus infection [ICD-11: 1C40.0]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Drug: Minocycline
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli S17-1 Lambdapir; 1227813
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Illumina/Solexa sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution assay
• Mechanism Description: The 640-amino-acid tetracycline resistance determinant, Tet 44, belongs to a class of proteins that confers resistance to tetracycline and minocycline by ribosomal protection.

Streptomycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: Streptomycin aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase ant(6)-Ib (SA6IB) [2]

• Resistant Disease: Campylobacter fetus infection [ICD-11: 1C40.0]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Drug: Streptomycin
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli S17-1 Lambdapir; 1227813
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Illumina/Solexa sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution assay
• Mechanism Description: The 286-amino-acid streptomycin resistance determinant, ANT(6)-Ib, belongs to a family of aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferases. The resistance phenotypes were demonstrated by gene inactivation and expression.

Tetracycline

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: Ribosomal tetracycline resistance protein tet(44) (TET44) [2]

• Resistant Disease: Campylobacter fetus infection [ICD-11: 1C40.0]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Drug: Tetracycline
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli S17-1 Lambdapir; 1227813
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Illumina/Solexa sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution assay
• Mechanism Description: The 640-amino-acid tetracycline resistance determinant, Tet 44, belongs to a class of proteins that confers resistance to tetracycline and minocycline by ribosomal protection.

Investigative Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Streptothricin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Key Molecule: Streptothricin N-acetyltransferase Sat4 (SAT4) [4]

• Resistant Disease: Campylobacter fetus infection [ICD-11: 1C40.0]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Drug: Streptothricin
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Campylobacter coli strain BE/G4; 195
• In Vitro Model: Campylobacter coli strain BE5698; 195
• In Vitro Model: Campylobacter coli strain BE6361; 195
• In Vitro Model: Campylobacter coli strain BM2509; 195
• In Vitro Model: Campylobacter coli strain Ck196; 195
• In Vitro Model: Campylobacter coli strain Ck197; 195
• In Vitro Model: Campylobacter coli strain Ck199; 195
• In Vitro Model: Campylobacter coli strain Ck204; 195
• In Vitro Model: Campylobacter jejuni strain Ck194; 197
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain SURE; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain SURE (pAT132); 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-polyacrylamide gel assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MIC assay
• Mechanism Description: The sat 4 streptothricin resistance gene from Campylobacter coli BE/G4 was cloned into pUC18, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Streptothricin acetyltransferase activity was detected in Escherichia coli cells containing recombinant plasmid pAT132 which carries the sat4 gene as an insert. The deduced amino acid sequence displayed 21-27% amino acid identity with streptothricin acetyltransferases from Escherichia coli and streptothricin producers Streptomyces lavendulae and Streptomyces noursei. The sat 4 gene was detected by hybridization in clinical and environmental isolates of Campylobacter spp.

References

• Ref 1: Chloramphenicol resistance in Campylobacter coli: nucleotide sequence, expression, and cloning vector construction. Gene. 1990 Sep 28;94(1):23-8. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(90)90463-2.
• Ref 2: Two novel antibiotic resistance genes, tet(44) and ant(6)-Ib, are located within a transferable pathogenicity island in Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Jul;54(7):3052-5. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00304-10. Epub 2010 May 17.
• Ref 3: Nucleotide sequence of a novel kanamycin resistance gene, aphA-7, from Campylobacter jejuni and comparison to other kanamycin phosphotransferase genes. Plasmid. 1989 Jul;22(1):52-8. doi: 10.1016/0147-619x(89)90035-8.
• Ref 4: Characterization of the sat4 gene encoding a streptothricin acetyltransferase in Campylobacter coli BE/G4. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1994 Jul 1;120(1-2):13-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07000.x.