Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol00956)

• Name: ErmR rRNA adenine N6-methyltransferase (ERMR) ,Aeromicrobium erythreum
• Synonyms: ermR; AERYTH_15865; EC 2.1.1.184; Ribosomal RNA methyltransferase
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: ermR
• Sequence:
  MAGPQDRPRGRGPSSGRPQRPVGGRSQRDRDRRVLGQNFLRDPATIRRIADAADVDPDGL
  VVEAGPGEGLLTRELARRAGRVRTYELDQRLARRLSTDLAQETSIEVVHADFLTAPHPEE
  PFQFVGAIPYGITSAIVDWCLTAPTLTSATLVTQQEFARKRTGDYGRWTALTVTTWPTFE
  WQYVAKVDRTLFTPVPRVHSAIMRLRRRPQPLLRDAAARSRFADMVEIGFVGKGGSLYRS
  LTREWPRSKVDSAFARADVHHDEIVAFVHPDQWITLFQLLDGSRGGAARGPGDQRGRRGR
  PGGGPRPDGRAGGGPRRDAGGRRTGDGRGGRPRPPRGGQA
• Uniprot ID: Q5Y9H5_9ACTN

Kingdom: N.A.
Phylum: Actinobacteria
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Propionibacteriales
Family: Nocardioidaceae
Genus: Aeromicrobium
Species: Aeromicrobium erythreum

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  ADTT: Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 5 drug(s) in total

Cefoxitin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Disease Class: Bacteroides fragilis infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Bacteroides fragilis infection [ICD-11: 1C4Y.6]
• Resistant Drug: Cefoxitin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2002; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2003; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2004; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain V503; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains V2008; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2005; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2006; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2007; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1760; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1761; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1918; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1921; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2000; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2001; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V528; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V844; 820
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Mechanism Description: Clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides spp. is usually macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance conferred by erm genes which are similar to those seen in gram-positive, facultative anaerobes. Of 13 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides group, all were resistant to tetracycline (>10,ug/ml).

Disease Class: Bacteroides uniformis infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Bacteroides uniformis infection [ICD-11: 1C4Y.11]
• Resistant Drug: Cefoxitin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2002; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2003; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2004; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain V503; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains V2008; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2005; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2006; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2007; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1760; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1761; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1918; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1921; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2000; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2001; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V528; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V844; 820
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Mechanism Description: Clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides spp. is usually macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance conferred by erm genes which are similar to those seen in gram-positive, facultative anaerobes. Of 13 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides group, all were resistant to tetracycline (>10,ug/ml).

Disease Class: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron infection [ICD-11: 1C4Y.10]
• Resistant Drug: Cefoxitin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2002; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2003; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2004; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain V503; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains V2008; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2005; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2006; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2007; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1760; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1761; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1918; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1921; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2000; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2001; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V528; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V844; 820
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Mechanism Description: Clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides spp. is usually macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance conferred by erm genes which are similar to those seen in gram-positive, facultative anaerobes. Of 13 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides group, all were resistant to tetracycline (>10,ug/ml).

Disease Class: Bacteroides ovatus infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Bacteroides ovatus infection [ICD-11: 1C4Y.8]
• Resistant Drug: Cefoxitin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2002; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2003; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2004; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain V503; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains V2008; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2005; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2006; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2007; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1760; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1761; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1918; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1921; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2000; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2001; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V528; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V844; 820
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Mechanism Description: Clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides spp. is usually macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance conferred by erm genes which are similar to those seen in gram-positive, facultative anaerobes. Of 13 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides group, all were resistant to tetracycline (>10,ug/ml). Seven of the eight clindamycin-resistant clinical isolates constitutively expressed erythromycin resistance and had a high level of resistance to clindamycin (> 10ug/ml). V2002 was susceptible to erythromycin.

Clindamycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Disease Class: Bacteroides fragilis infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Bacteroides fragilis infection [ICD-11: 1C4Y.6]
• Resistant Drug: Clindamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2002; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2003; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2004; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain V503; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains V2008; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2005; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2006; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2007; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1760; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1761; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1918; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1921; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2000; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2001; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V528; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V844; 820
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Mechanism Description: Clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides spp. is usually macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance conferred by erm genes which are similar to those seen in gram-positive, facultative anaerobes. Of 13 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides group, all were resistant to tetracycline (>10,ug/ml).

Disease Class: Bacteroides distasonis infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Bacteroides distasonis infection [ICD-11: 1C4Y.5]
• Resistant Drug: Clindamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2002; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2003; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2004; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain V503; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains V2008; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2005; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2006; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2007; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1760; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1761; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1918; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1921; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2000; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2001; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V528; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V844; 820
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Mechanism Description: Clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides spp. is usually macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance conferred by erm genes which are similar to those seen in gram-positive, facultative anaerobes. Of 13 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides group, all were resistant to tetracycline (>10,ug/ml).

Disease Class: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron infection [ICD-11: 1C4Y.10]
• Resistant Drug: Clindamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2002; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2003; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2004; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain V503; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains V2008; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2005; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2006; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2007; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1760; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1761; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1918; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1921; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2000; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2001; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V528; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V844; 820
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Mechanism Description: Clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides spp. is usually macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance conferred by erm genes which are similar to those seen in gram-positive, facultative anaerobes. Of 13 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides group, all were resistant to tetracycline (>10,ug/ml).

Disease Class: Bacteroides ovatus infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Bacteroides ovatus infection [ICD-11: 1C4Y.8]
• Resistant Drug: Clindamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2002; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2003; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2004; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain V503; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains V2008; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2005; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2006; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2007; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1760; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1761; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1918; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1921; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2000; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2001; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V528; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V844; 820
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Mechanism Description: Clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides spp. is usually macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance conferred by erm genes which are similar to those seen in gram-positive, facultative anaerobes. Of 13 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides group, all were resistant to tetracycline (>10,ug/ml).

Disease Class: Aeromicrobium erythreum infection [2]

• Resistant Disease: Aeromicrobium erythreum infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Resistant Drug: Clindamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR18; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1807; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1848; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1849; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1850; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains BD170; 2041
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disk diffusion assay
• Mechanism Description: Using the Ery- strain AR1807 as a recipient for plasmid-directed integrative recombination, the chromosomal ermR gene (encoding 23S rRNA methyltransferase) was disrupted, ermR-disrupted strains AR1848 and AR1849 were highly sensitive to erythromycin and the other macrolide antibiotics. Phenotypic characterizations demonstrated that ermR is the sole determinant of macrolide antibiotic resistance in A. erythreum. AR18, AR1807, and AR1850 (Ery- Ermr) were resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, and tylosin (some sensitivity totylosin was observed at high concentrations).

Erythromycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Disease Class: Bacteroides fragilis infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Bacteroides fragilis infection [ICD-11: 1C4Y.6]
• Resistant Drug: Erythromycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2002; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2003; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2004; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain V503; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains V2008; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2005; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2006; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2007; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1760; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1761; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1918; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1921; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2000; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2001; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V528; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V844; 820
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Mechanism Description: Clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides spp. is usually macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance conferred by erm genes which are similar to those seen in gram-positive, facultative anaerobes. Of 13 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides group, all were resistant to tetracycline (>10,ug/ml). Seven of the eight clindamycin-resistant clinical isolates constitutively expressed erythromycin resistance and had a high level of resistance to clindamycin (> 10ug/ml). V2002 was susceptible to erythromycin.

Disease Class: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron infection [ICD-11: 1C4Y.10]
• Resistant Drug: Erythromycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2002; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2003; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2004; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain V503; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains V2008; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2005; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2006; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2007; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1760; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1761; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1918; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1921; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2000; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2001; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V528; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V844; 820
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Mechanism Description: Clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides spp. is usually macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance conferred by erm genes which are similar to those seen in gram-positive, facultative anaerobes. Of 13 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides group, all were resistant to tetracycline (>10,ug/ml). Seven of the eight clindamycin-resistant clinical isolates constitutively expressed erythromycin resistance and had a high level of resistance to clindamycin (> 10ug/ml). V2002 was susceptible to erythromycin.

Disease Class: Bacteroides ovatus infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Bacteroides ovatus infection [ICD-11: 1C4Y.8]
• Resistant Drug: Erythromycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2002; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2003; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides distasonis strains V2004; 823
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides fragilis strain V503; 817
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides ovatus strains V2008; 28116
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2005; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2006; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain V2007; 818
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1760; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1761; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1918; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V1921; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2000; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V2001; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V528; 820
• In Vitro Model: Bacteroides uniformis strain V844; 820
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Mechanism Description: Clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides spp. is usually macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance conferred by erm genes which are similar to those seen in gram-positive, facultative anaerobes. Of 13 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides group, all were resistant to tetracycline (>10,ug/ml). Seven of the eight clindamycin-resistant clinical isolates constitutively expressed erythromycin resistance and had a high level of resistance to clindamycin (> 10ug/ml). V2002 was susceptible to erythromycin.

Disease Class: Aeromicrobium erythreum infection [2]

• Resistant Disease: Aeromicrobium erythreum infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Resistant Drug: Erythromycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR18; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1807; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1848; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1849; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1850; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains BD170; 2041
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disk diffusion assay
• Mechanism Description: Using the Ery- strain AR1807 as a recipient for plasmid-directed integrative recombination, the chromosomal ermR gene (encoding 23S rRNA methyltransferase) was disrupted, ermR-disrupted strains AR1848 and AR1849 were highly sensitive to erythromycin and the other macrolide antibiotics. Phenotypic characterizations demonstrated that ermR is the sole determinant of macrolide antibiotic resistance in A. erythreum. AR18, AR1807, and AR1850 (Ery- Ermr) were resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, and tylosin (some sensitivity totylosin was observed at high concentrations).

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Disease Class: Aeromicrobium erythreum infection [2]

• Sensitive Disease: Aeromicrobium erythreum infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Sensitive Drug: Erythromycin
• Molecule Alteration: Chromosome variation; Chromosome rearrangement
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR18; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1807; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1848; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1849; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1850; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains BD170; 2041
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disk diffusion assay
• Mechanism Description: Using the Ery- strain AR1807 as a recipient for plasmid-directed integrative recombination, the chromosomal ermR gene (encoding 23S rRNA methyltransferase) was disrupted, ermR-disrupted strains AR1848 and AR1849 were highly sensitive to erythromycin and the other macrolide antibiotics. Phenotypic characterizations demonstrated that ermR is the sole determinant of macrolide antibiotic resistance in A. erythreum.

Macrolides

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Disease Class: Aeromicrobium erythreum infection [2]

• Resistant Disease: Aeromicrobium erythreum infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Resistant Drug: Macrolides
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR18; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1807; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1848; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1849; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1850; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains BD170; 2041
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disk diffusion assay
• Mechanism Description: Using the Ery- strain AR1807 as a recipient for plasmid-directed integrative recombination, the chromosomal ermR gene (encoding 23S rRNA methyltransferase) was disrupted, ermR-disrupted strains AR1848 and AR1849 were highly sensitive to erythromycin and the other macrolide antibiotics. Phenotypic characterizations demonstrated that ermR is the sole determinant of macrolide antibiotic resistance in A. erythreum. AR18, AR1807, and AR1850 (Ery- Ermr) were resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, and tylosin (some sensitivity totylosin was observed at high concentrations).

Spiramycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Disease Class: Aeromicrobium erythreum infection [2]

• Resistant Disease: Aeromicrobium erythreum infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Resistant Drug: Spiramycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR18; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1807; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1848; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1849; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains AR1850; 2041
• In Vitro Model: Aeromicrobium erythreum strains BD170; 2041
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Southern blotting assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disk diffusion assay
• Mechanism Description: Using the Ery- strain AR1807 as a recipient for plasmid-directed integrative recombination, the chromosomal ermR gene (encoding 23S rRNA methyltransferase) was disrupted, ermR-disrupted strains AR1848 and AR1849 were highly sensitive to erythromycin and the other macrolide antibiotics. Phenotypic characterizations demonstrated that ermR is the sole determinant of macrolide antibiotic resistance in A. erythreum. AR18, AR1807, and AR1850 (Ery- Ermr) were resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, and tylosin (some sensitivity totylosin was observed at high concentrations).

References

• Ref 1: Molecular survey of clindamycin and tetracycline resistance determinants in Bacteroides species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Nov;35(11):2415-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.35.11.2415.
• Ref 2: Cloning vectors, mutagenesis, and gene disruption (ermR) for the erythromycin-producing bacterium Aeromicrobium erythreum. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Sep;57(9):2758-61. doi: 10.1128/aem.57.9.2758-2761.1991.