Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol00788)

• Name: Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (A3AP) ,Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Synonyms: APH(3')-II; APH(3')II; Kanamycin kinase; type II; Neomycin-kanamycin phosphotransferase type II; kan; nptII
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: neo
• Gene ID: 61686716
• Sequence:
  MIEQDGLHAGSPAAWVERLFGYDWAQQTIGCSDAAVFRLSAQGRPVLFVKTDLSGALNEL
  QDEAARLSWLATTGVPCAAVLDVVTEAGRDWLLLGEVPGQDLLSSHLAPAEKVSIMADAM
  RRLHTLDPATCPFDHQAKHRIERARTRMEAGLVDQDDLDEEHQGLAPAELFARLKARMPD
  GEDLVVTHGDACLPNIMVENGRFSGFIDCGRLGVADRYQDIALATRDIAEELGGEWADRF
  LVLYGIAAPDSQRIAFYRLLDEFF
• Function: Resistance to kanamycin, neomycin, paromomycin, ribostamycin, butirosin and gentamicin B.
• Uniprot ID: KKA2_KLEPN

Kingdom: N.A.
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Enterobacterales
Family: Enterobacteriaceae
Genus: Klebsiella
Species: Klebsiella pneumoniae

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  DISM: Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 5 drug(s) in total

Amikacin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Disease Class: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection [ICD-11: CA40.1]
• Resistant Drug: Amikacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Disease Class: Serratia marcescens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Serratia marcescens infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Resistant Drug: Amikacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Disease Class: Escherichia coli infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Escherichia coli infection [ICD-11: 1A03.0]
• Resistant Drug: Amikacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Acquired
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: The resistant strains contained an identical 6.8-kilobase plasmid, pRPG101. Transformation of pRPG101 into Escherichia coli produced high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml) and kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml) but unchanged susceptibilities to gentamicin, netilmicin, and tobramycin. The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Gentamicin B

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Disease Class: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection [ICD-11: CA40.1]
• Resistant Drug: Gentamicin B
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Disease Class: Serratia marcescens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Serratia marcescens infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Resistant Drug: Gentamicin B
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Kanamycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Disease Class: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection [ICD-11: CA40.1]
• Resistant Drug: Kanamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Disease Class: Serratia marcescens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Serratia marcescens infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Resistant Drug: Kanamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Disease Class: Escherichia coli infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Escherichia coli infection [ICD-11: 1A03.0]
• Resistant Drug: Kanamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Acquired
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: The resistant strains contained an identical 6.8-kilobase plasmid, pRPG101. Transformation of pRPG101 into Escherichia coli produced high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml) and kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml) but unchanged susceptibilities to gentamicin, netilmicin, and tobramycin. The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Paromomycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Disease Class: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection [ICD-11: CA40.1]
• Resistant Drug: Paromomycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Disease Class: Serratia marcescens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Serratia marcescens infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Resistant Drug: Paromomycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Ribostamycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Disease Class: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection [ICD-11: CA40.1]
• Resistant Drug: Ribostamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Disease Class: Serratia marcescens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Serratia marcescens infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Resistant Drug: Ribostamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Investigative Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Butirosina

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Disease Class: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection [ICD-11: CA40.1]
• Resistant Drug: Butirosina
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Disease Class: Serratia marcescens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Serratia marcescens infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Resistant Drug: Butirosina
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

References

• Ref 1: Isolation, characterization, and cloning of a plasmid-borne gene encoding a phosphotransferase that confers high-level amikacin resistance in enteric bacilli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988 Sep;32(9):1379-84. doi: 10.1128/AAC.32.9.1379.