Drug Information

Drug (ID: DG00377) and It's Reported Resistant Information

• Name: Butirosina
• Synonyms: Butirosina; Ambutyrosin; Butirosin; 12772-35-9; (2R)-4-amino-N-[(1R,2S,3R,4R,5S)-5-amino-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]-2-hydroxybutanamide; Butirosin [INN]; Butirosine; Butirosinum; Butirosine [INN-French]; Butirosinum [INN-Latin]; Butirosina [INN-Spanish]; DTXSID60925967; 4-Amino-N-{5-amino-4-[(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxyhexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-hydroxy-3-(pentofuranosyloxy)cyclohexyl}-2-hydroxybutanimidic acid
• Drug Resistance Disease(s):
  Disease(s) with Clinically Reported Resistance for This Drug (3 diseases)
  Bacillus infection [ICD-11: 1C4Y]; [1]
  Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]; [2]
  Pneumonia [ICD-11: CA40]; [3]
  Disease(s) with Resistance Information Validated by in-vivo Model for This Drug (1 diseases)
  Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]; [4]
• Formula: C21H41N5O12
• IsoSMILES: C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CN)O)O)N)N
• InChI: 1S/C21H41N5O12/c22-2-1-8(28)19(34)26-7-3-6(24)17(37-20-11(25)15(32)13(30)9(4-23)35-20)18(12(7)29)38-21-16(33)14(31)10(5-27)36-21/h6-18,20-21,27-33H,1-5,22-25H2,(H,26,34)/t6-,7+,8+,9+,10+,11+,12-,13+,14+,15+,16+,17+,18+,20+,21+/m0/s1
• InChIKey: XEQLFNPSYWZPOW-NUOYRARPSA-N
• PubChem CID: 72393

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Drug

  DISM: Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Diseases

ICD-01: Infectious/parasitic diseases

Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (A3AP) [2]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli; 668369
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR amplification assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MIC assay
• Mechanism Description: Aph(3')-IIc significantly increases MICs of kanamycin, neomycin, butirosin, and paromomycin when expressed in Escherichia coli. Disruption of aph(3')-IIc results in decreased MICs of these drugs.

Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (A3AP) [4]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Streptococcus faecalis infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM 10; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain k802; 562
• In Vitro Model: Streptococcus faecnlis strain JHZ-15; 1351
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Chemical sequencing method assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disc sensitivity tests assay
• Mechanism Description: Strain BM2182 was examined for aminoglyco- side-modifying activities. That kanamycin B was modified and tobramycin (3'-deoxykanamycin B) was not, indicates that the 3'-hydroxyl group is the site of phosphorylation. That butirosin, lividomycin A, and amikacin were phosphorylated indicates that the enzyme is APH-III.

Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (A3AP) [3]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Serratia marcescens infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

Bacillus infection [ICD-11: 1C4Y]

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (A3AP) [1]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Infection by Bacillus circulans [ICD-11: 1C4Y.12]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli HB101; 634468
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM103; 83333
• In Vitro Model: Bacillus circulans strain; 1397
• In Vitro Model: Streptomyces lividans strain 66; 1200984
• In Vitro Model: Streptomyces lividans strain M180; 1916
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: DNA sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Semi-quantitative phosphocellulose-paper binding assay method assay
• Mechanism Description: We have elucidated the full nucleotide sequence of the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (APH) gene from Bacillus circulans, which produces the aminoglycoside antibiotic butirosin.

ICD-12: Respiratory system diseases

Pneumonia [ICD-11: CA40]

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (A3AP) [3]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection [ICD-11: CA40.1]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C41(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli DH5alpha; 668369
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs144; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs150; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli Ecmrs151; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-125; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain 83-75; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain JM83(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain M8820Mu; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain MC1065(pRPG101); 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain POII1681; 562
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli strain PRC930(pAO43::Tn9O3); 562
• In Vitro Model: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; 573
• In Vitro Model: Serratia marcescens strains; 615
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Restriction enzyme treating assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth assay; agar dilution with MH agar assay
• Mechanism Description: Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens at a hospital that had used amikacin as its principal aminoglycoside for the preceding 42 months demonstrated high-level resistance to amikacin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml), netilmicin (64 micrograms/ml), and tobramycin (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The clinical isolates and transformants produced a novel 3'-phosphotransferase, APH(3'), that modified amikacin and kanamycin in vitro.

References

• Ref 1: Sequence and interspecies transfer of an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene (APH) of Bacillus circulans. Self-defence mechanism in antibiotic-producing organisms. Biochem J. 1986 Jan 15;233(2):383-93. doi: 10.1042/bj2330383.
• Ref 2: Aph(3')-IIc, an aminoglycoside resistance determinant from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Jan;51(1):359-60. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00795-06. Epub 2006 Nov 6.
• Ref 3: Isolation, characterization, and cloning of a plasmid-borne gene encoding a phosphotransferase that confers high-level amikacin resistance in enteric bacilli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988 Sep;32(9):1379-84. doi: 10.1128/AAC.32.9.1379.
• Ref 4: Nucleotide sequence of the Streptococcus faecalis plasmid gene encoding the 3'5"-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase type III. Gene. 1983 Sep;23(3):331-41. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90022-7.