Disease Information

General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00019)

• Name: Streptococcal pharyngitis
• ICD: ICD-11: 1B51

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease

  ADTT: Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 6 drug(s) in total

Clarithromycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance protein (ERMA) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Streptococcus pyogenes infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Molecule Alteration: Methylation; Macrolide-binding site on the ribosome
• Resistant Drug: Clarithromycin
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli AG100A; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR amplification and sequence alignments assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Agar dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Macrolide resistance commonly occurs due to methylation of the macrolide-binding site on the ribosome by methyltransferases encoded by the erm group of genes, Induction of erm(A) occurs by translational attenuationInduction of erm(A) occurs by translational attenuation.

Clindamycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance protein (ERMA) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Streptococcus pyogenes infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Molecule Alteration: Methylation; Macrolide-binding site on the ribosome
• Resistant Drug: Clindamycin
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli AG100A; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR amplification and sequence alignments assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Agar dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Macrolide resistance commonly occurs due to methylation of the macrolide-binding site on the ribosome by methyltransferases encoded by the erm group of genes, Induction of erm(A) occurs by translational attenuationInduction of erm(A) occurs by translational attenuation.

Erythromycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance protein (ERMA) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Streptococcus pyogenes infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Molecule Alteration: Methylation; Macrolide-binding site on the ribosome
• Resistant Drug: Erythromycin
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli AG100A; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR amplification and sequence alignments assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Agar dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Macrolide resistance commonly occurs due to methylation of the macrolide-binding site on the ribosome by methyltransferases encoded by the erm group of genes, Induction of erm(A) occurs by translational attenuationInduction of erm(A) occurs by translational attenuation.

Spiramycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance protein (ERMA) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Streptococcus pyogenes infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Molecule Alteration: Methylation; Macrolide-binding site on the ribosome
• Resistant Drug: Spiramycin
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli AG100A; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR amplification and sequence alignments assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Agar dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Macrolide resistance commonly occurs due to methylation of the macrolide-binding site on the ribosome by methyltransferases encoded by the erm group of genes, Induction of erm(A) occurs by translational attenuationInduction of erm(A) occurs by translational attenuation.

Telithromycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance protein (ERMA) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Streptococcus pyogenes infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Molecule Alteration: Methylation; Macrolide-binding site on the ribosome
• Resistant Drug: Telithromycin
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli AG100A; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR amplification and sequence alignments assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Agar dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Macrolide resistance commonly occurs due to methylation of the macrolide-binding site on the ribosome by methyltransferases encoded by the erm group of genes, Induction of erm(A) occurs by translational attenuationInduction of erm(A) occurs by translational attenuation.

Zithromax

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance protein (ERMA) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Streptococcus pyogenes infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Molecule Alteration: Missense mutation; Macrolide-binding site on the ribosome
• Resistant Drug: Zithromax
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli AG100A; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR amplification and sequence alignments assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Agar dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: E. coli transformed with mutant erm(A) harbouring G98A, A137C or C140T mutations (phenotypes 1 and 2) did not express high-level azithromycin or clindamycin resistance.

Key Molecule: Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance protein (ERMA) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Streptococcus pyogenes infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Molecule Alteration: Missense mutation; p.G98A
• Resistant Drug: Zithromax
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli AG100A; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR amplification and sequence alignments assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Agar dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: E. coli transformed with mutant erm(A) harbouring G98A, A137C or C140T mutations (phenotypes 1 and 2) did not express high-level azithromycin or clindamycin resistance.

Key Molecule: Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance protein (ERMA) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Streptococcus pyogenes infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Molecule Alteration: Missense mutation; p.A137C
• Resistant Drug: Zithromax
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli AG100A; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR amplification and sequence alignments assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Agar dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: E. coli transformed with mutant erm(A) harbouring G98A, A137C or C140T mutations (phenotypes 1 and 2) did not express high-level azithromycin or clindamycin resistance.

References

• Ref 1: Unusual resistance patterns in macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes harbouring erm(A). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Jan;63(1):42-6. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkn432. Epub 2008 Oct 24.