Disease Information

General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00260)

• Name: Alzheimer's disease
• ICD: ICD-11: 8A20

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease

  EADR: Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein

  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 2 drug(s) in total

Simvastatin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR)

Key Molecule: Long non-protein coding RNA (N336694) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Alzheimer's disease [ICD-11: 8A20.0]
• Resistant Drug: Simvastatin
• Molecule Alteration: Up-regulation; Expression/Mutation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• In Vitro Model: SH-SY5Y cells; Abdomen; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0019
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: ELISA assay; Western bloting analysis; qRT-PCR
• Mechanism Description: Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a neurodegenerative brain disorder is a devastating pathology leading to disastrous cognitive impairments and dementia, and several studies have shown that AD is closely related to the inflammation, so anti-inflammatory treatment may provide therapeutic benefits.

Tacrine

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Key Molecule: Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) [2]

• Sensitive Disease: Alzheimer's disease [ICD-11: 8A20.0]
• Sensitive Drug: Tacrine
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Mechanism Description: By using tacrine to target the active catalytic site (CAS), the tacrine-based MTDLs can act on both CAS and peripheral anion site (PAS) of AChE to serve as a dual-site AChE inhibitor. Additionally, the tacrine-based MTDLs can also be designed on the basis of other theories of AD, for example, introducing functional moieties to modulate the formation of beta-amyloid (Abeta), oxidation resistance, or metal chelation.

References

• Ref 1: Simvastatin ameliorate memory deficits and inflammation in clinical and mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via modulating the expression of miR-106bBiomed Pharmacother. 2017 Aug;92:46-57. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.060. Epub 2017 May 18.
• Ref 2: Multi-Target Drug Design of Anti-Alzheimer's Disease based on Tacrine .Mini Rev Med Chem. 2021;21(15):2039-2064. doi: 10.2174/1389557521666210212151127. 10.2174/1389557521666210212151127