Disease Information

General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00170)

• Name: Dermatophytosis
• ICD: ICD-11: 1F28

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease

  EADR: Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein

  IDUE: Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 2 drug(s) in total

Efinaconazole

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR)

Key Molecule: Sterol 14-alpha demethylase cyp51A (CYP51A) [1]

• Sensitive Disease: Tinea unguium [ICD-11: 1F28.1]
• Sensitive Drug: Efinaconazole
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: qRT-PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Antifungal susceptibility assay
• Mechanism Description: The expression of?cyp51A?mRNA was induced by the addition of the azole antifungal drug efinaconazole, whereas no such induction was detected for?cyp51B, suggesting that Cyp51A functions as an azole-responsive Cyp51 isozyme. To explore the contribution of Cyp51A to susceptibility to azole drugs, the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) gene cassette was inserted into the?cyp51A?3'-untranslated region of deltaku80?to destabilize the mRNA of?cyp51A. In this mutant, the induction of?cyp51A?mRNA expression by efinaconazole was diminished. The minimum inhibitory concentration for several azole drugs of this strain was reduced, suggesting that dermatophyte Cyp51A contributes to the tolerance for azole drugs.

Voriconazole

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE)

Key Molecule: Cuticle protein (TERG_08771 ) [2]

• Resistant Disease: Tinea capitis [ICD-11: 1F28.0]
• Resistant Drug: Voriconazole
• Molecule Alteration: SNP; .
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Trichophyton rubrum isolates; 5551
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: The gene TERG_08771 harboring the highest SNPs density is found to be associated with resistance to voriconazole.

Key Molecule: Cuticle protein (TERG_08771 ) [2]

• Resistant Disease: Tinea corporis [ICD-11: 1F28.Y]
• Resistant Drug: Voriconazole
• Molecule Alteration: SNP; .
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Trichophyton rubrum isolates; 5551
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: The gene TERG_08771 harboring the highest SNPs density is found to be associated with resistance to voriconazole.

Key Molecule: Cuticle protein (TERG_08771 ) [2]

• Resistant Disease: Tinea inguinalis [ICD-11: 1F28.4]
• Resistant Drug: Voriconazole
• Molecule Alteration: SNP; .
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Trichophyton rubrum isolates; 5551
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: The gene TERG_08771 harboring the highest SNPs density is found to be associated with resistance to voriconazole.

Key Molecule: Cuticle protein (TERG_08771 ) [2]

• Resistant Disease: Tinea manus [ICD-11: 1F28.5]
• Resistant Drug: Voriconazole
• Molecule Alteration: SNP; .
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Trichophyton rubrum isolates; 5551
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: The gene TERG_08771 harboring the highest SNPs density is found to be associated with resistance to voriconazole.

Key Molecule: Cuticle protein (TERG_08771 ) [2]

• Resistant Disease: Tinea pedis [ICD-11: 1F28.2]
• Resistant Drug: Voriconazole
• Molecule Alteration: SNP; .
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Trichophyton rubrum isolates; 5551
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: The gene TERG_08771 harboring the highest SNPs density is found to be associated with resistance to voriconazole.

Key Molecule: Cuticle protein (TERG_08771 ) [2]

• Resistant Disease: Tinea unguium [ICD-11: 1F28.1]
• Resistant Drug: Voriconazole
• Molecule Alteration: SNP; .
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Trichophyton rubrum isolates; 5551
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: The gene TERG_08771 harboring the highest SNPs density is found to be associated with resistance to voriconazole.

References

• Ref 1: An efficient gene targeting system using deltaku80 and functional analysis of Cyp51A in Trichophyton rubrum. AMB Express. 2024 Aug 31;14(1):96.
• Ref 2: Whole-genome resequencing of Trichophyton rubrum provides insights into population differentiation and drug resistance .Mycopathologia. 2020 Feb;185(1):103-112. doi: 10.1007/s11046-019-00384-1. Epub 2019 Sep 19. 10.1007/s11046-019-00384-1