Disease Information

General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00117)

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease

DISM: Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s)

3 drug(s) in total

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Gentamicin

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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)		Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside N(3)-acetyltransferase (AACC2)			[1], [2]
Resistant Disease	Corneal ulcers [ICD-11: 9A76.0]
Molecule Alteration	Expression	Up-regulation	Molecule Info
Resistant Drug	Gentamicin		Drug Info
Experimental Note	Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model	Escherichia coli ATCC 25922		1322345
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853		287
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates		287
	Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923		1280
Experiment for Molecule Alteration	Whole genome sequence assay
Experiment for Drug Resistance	Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description	Various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes were associated with overlapping phenotypes: 36.5% strains produced AAC(6')-I with either a serine (GEN-TOB-NET) or a leucine (TOB-NET-AMk) at position 119, or both variants (GEN-TOB-NET-AMk); 21.2% expressed ANT(2")-I (GEN-TOB), 7.7% AAC(3)-II (GEN-TOB-NET), 5.8% AAC(3)-I (GEN) and 1.9% AAC(6')-II (GEN-TOB-NET-AMk) or AACA7 (TOB-NET-AMk).

Netilmicin

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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)		Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside N(3)-acetyltransferase (AACC2)			[1], [2]
Resistant Disease	Corneal ulcers [ICD-11: 9A76.0]
Molecule Alteration	Expression	Up-regulation	Molecule Info
Resistant Drug	Netilmicin		Drug Info
Experimental Note	Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model	Escherichia coli ATCC 25922		1322345
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853		287
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates		287
	Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923		1280
Experiment for Molecule Alteration	Whole genome sequence assay
Experiment for Drug Resistance	Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description	Various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes were associated with overlapping phenotypes: 36.5% strains produced AAC(6')-I with either a serine (GEN-TOB-NET) or a leucine (TOB-NET-AMk) at position 119, or both variants (GEN-TOB-NET-AMk); 21.2% expressed ANT(2")-I (GEN-TOB), 7.7% AAC(3)-II (GEN-TOB-NET), 5.8% AAC(3)-I (GEN) and 1.9% AAC(6')-II (GEN-TOB-NET-AMk) or AACA7 (TOB-NET-AMk).

Tobramycin

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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)		Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside N(3)-acetyltransferase (AACC2)			[1], [2]
Resistant Disease	Corneal ulcers [ICD-11: 9A76.0]
Molecule Alteration	Expression	Up-regulation	Molecule Info
Resistant Drug	Tobramycin		Drug Info
Experimental Note	Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model	Escherichia coli ATCC 25922		1322345
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853		287
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates		287
	Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923		1280
Experiment for Molecule Alteration	Whole genome sequence assay
Experiment for Drug Resistance	Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description	Various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes were associated with overlapping phenotypes: 36.5% strains produced AAC(6')-I with either a serine (GEN-TOB-NET) or a leucine (TOB-NET-AMk) at position 119, or both variants (GEN-TOB-NET-AMk); 21.2% expressed ANT(2")-I (GEN-TOB), 7.7% AAC(3)-II (GEN-TOB-NET), 5.8% AAC(3)-I (GEN) and 1.9% AAC(6')-II (GEN-TOB-NET-AMk) or AACA7 (TOB-NET-AMk).

References

Ref 1	Beta-lactam and aminoglycoside resistance rates and mechanisms among Pseudomonas aeruginosa in French general practice (community and private healthcare centres). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Aug;62(2):316-23. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkn174. Epub 2008 May 8.
Ref 2	Molecular genetics of aminoglycoside resistance genes and familial relationships of the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Microbiol Rev. 1993 Mar;57(1):138-63. doi: 10.1128/mr.57.1.138-163.1993.