General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00117)
Name
Corneal ulcer
ICD
ICD-11: 9A76
Resistance Map
Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease
  DISM: Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug
Approved Drug(s)
3 drug(s) in total
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Gentamicin
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside N(3)-acetyltransferase (AACC2) [1], [2]
Resistant Disease Corneal ulcers [ICD-11: 9A76.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Gentamicin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 1322345
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 287
Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates 287
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 1280
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description Various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes were associated with overlapping phenotypes: 36.5% strains produced AAC(6')-I with either a serine (GEN-TOB-NET) or a leucine (TOB-NET-AMk) at position 119, or both variants (GEN-TOB-NET-AMk); 21.2% expressed ANT(2")-I (GEN-TOB), 7.7% AAC(3)-II (GEN-TOB-NET), 5.8% AAC(3)-I (GEN) and 1.9% AAC(6')-II (GEN-TOB-NET-AMk) or AACA7 (TOB-NET-AMk).
Netilmicin
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside N(3)-acetyltransferase (AACC2) [1], [2]
Resistant Disease Corneal ulcers [ICD-11: 9A76.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Netilmicin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 1322345
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 287
Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates 287
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 1280
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description Various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes were associated with overlapping phenotypes: 36.5% strains produced AAC(6')-I with either a serine (GEN-TOB-NET) or a leucine (TOB-NET-AMk) at position 119, or both variants (GEN-TOB-NET-AMk); 21.2% expressed ANT(2")-I (GEN-TOB), 7.7% AAC(3)-II (GEN-TOB-NET), 5.8% AAC(3)-I (GEN) and 1.9% AAC(6')-II (GEN-TOB-NET-AMk) or AACA7 (TOB-NET-AMk).
Tobramycin
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM) Click to Show/Hide
Key Molecule: Aminoglycoside N(3)-acetyltransferase (AACC2) [1], [2]
Resistant Disease Corneal ulcers [ICD-11: 9A76.0]
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Resistant Drug Tobramycin
Experimental Note Identified from the Human Clinical Data
In Vitro Model Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 1322345
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 287
Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates 287
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 1280
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Whole genome sequence assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
Agar dilution method assay
Mechanism Description Various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes were associated with overlapping phenotypes: 36.5% strains produced AAC(6')-I with either a serine (GEN-TOB-NET) or a leucine (TOB-NET-AMk) at position 119, or both variants (GEN-TOB-NET-AMk); 21.2% expressed ANT(2")-I (GEN-TOB), 7.7% AAC(3)-II (GEN-TOB-NET), 5.8% AAC(3)-I (GEN) and 1.9% AAC(6')-II (GEN-TOB-NET-AMk) or AACA7 (TOB-NET-AMk).
References
Ref 1 Beta-lactam and aminoglycoside resistance rates and mechanisms among Pseudomonas aeruginosa in French general practice (community and private healthcare centres). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Aug;62(2):316-23. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkn174. Epub 2008 May 8.
Ref 2 Molecular genetics of aminoglycoside resistance genes and familial relationships of the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Microbiol Rev. 1993 Mar;57(1):138-63. doi: 10.1128/mr.57.1.138-163.1993.

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