Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol04352)

• Name: Moesin (MSN) ,Homo sapiens
• Synonyms: Membrane-organizing extension spike protein
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: MSN
• Gene ID: 4478
• Sequence:
  MPKTISVRVTTMDAELEFAIQPNTTGKQLFDQVVKTIGLREVWFFGLQYQDTKGFSTWLK
  LNKKVTAQDVRKESPLLFKFRAKFYPEDVSEELIQDITQRLFFLQVKEGILNDDIYCPP
  E TAVLLASYAVQSKYGDFNKEVHKSGYLAGDKLLPQRVLEQHKLNKDQWEERIQVWHEE
  HR GMLREDAVLEYLKIAQDLEMYGVNYFSIKNKKGSELWLGVDALGLNIYEQNDRLTPK
  IGF PWSEIRNISFNDKKFVIKPIDKKAPDFVFYAPRLRINKRILALCMGNHELYMRRRK
  PDTI EVQQMKAQAREEKHQKQMERAMLENEKKKREMAEKEKEKIEREKEELMERLKQIE
  EQTKK AQQELEEQTRRALELEQERKRAQSEAEKLAKERQEAEEAKEALLQASRDQKKTQ
  EQLALE MAELTARISQLEMARQKKESEAVEWQQKAQMVQEDLEKTRAELKTAMSTPHVA
  EPAENEQ DEQDENGAEASADLRADAMAKDRSEEERTTEAEKNERVQKHLKALTSELANA
  RDESKKTA NDMIHAENMRLGRDKYKTLRQIRQGNTKQRIDEFESM
• Function: Ezrin-radixin-moesin family protein that connects theactin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane and thereby regulates thestructure and function of specific domains of the cell cortex. Tethersactin filaments by oscillating between a resting and an activated stateproviding transient interactions between moesin and the actincytoskeleton . Once phosphorylated on its C-terminalthreonine, moesin is activated leading to interaction with F-actin andcytoskeletal rearrangement . These rearrangementsregulate many cellular processes, including cell shape determination,membrane transport, and signal transduction . The role of moesin is particularly important inimmunity acting on both T and B-cells homeostasis and self-tolerance,regulating lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs . Modulates phagolysosomal biogenesis in macrophages . Also participates in immunologic synapse formation. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P26041,ECO:0000269|PubMed:10212266, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12387735,ECO:0000269|PubMed:15039356, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27405666,ECO:0000269|PubMed:9298994, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9616160}.
• Uniprot ID: MOES_HUMAN
• Ensembl ID: ENSG0000014706518
• HGNC ID: HGNC:7373

Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  ADTT: Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 2 drug(s) in total

Sotrovimab

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Disease Class: Corona Virus Disease 2019 [ICD-11: 1D92.0] [1]

• Resistant Disease: Corona Virus Disease 2019 [ICD-11: 1D92.0]
• Resistant Drug: Sotrovimab
• Molecule Alteration: Mutations; E484K+F490S+S494P
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• In Vitro Model: Hela cells; Cervix uteri; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0030
• In Vitro Model: Vero E6 cells; Kideny; Homo sapiens (Human); N.A.
• In Vitro Model: BHKG43 cells; Kideny; Homo sapiens (Human); N.A.
• In Vitro Model: HEK 293T cells; Kidney; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0063
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: qRT-PCR; Deep sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Immunofluorescence assay
• Mechanism Description: Monoclonal antibodies targeting the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are effective against COVID-19 and might mitigate future pandemics. However, their efficacy is challenged by the emergence of antibody-resistant virus variants.

Bamlanivimab

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Disease Class: Corona Virus Disease 2019 [ICD-11: 1D92.0] [1]

• Resistant Disease: Corona Virus Disease 2019 [ICD-11: 1D92.0]
• Resistant Drug: Bamlanivimab
• Molecule Alteration: Mutations; E340K
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• In Vitro Model: Hela cells; Cervix uteri; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0030
• In Vitro Model: Vero E6 cells; Kideny; Homo sapiens (Human); N.A.
• In Vitro Model: BHKG43 cells; Kideny; Homo sapiens (Human); N.A.
• In Vitro Model: HEK 293T cells; Kidney; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0063
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: qRT-PCR; Deep sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Immunofluorescence assay
• Mechanism Description: Monoclonal antibodies targeting the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are effective against COVID-19 and might mitigate future pandemics. However, their efficacy is challenged by the emergence of antibody-resistant virus variants.

Investigative Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Disease Class: Corona Virus Disease 2019 [ICD-11: 1D92.0] [1]

• Resistant Disease: Corona Virus Disease 2019 [ICD-11: 1D92.0]
• Resistant Drug: Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab
• Molecule Alteration: Mutations; L100I + K103N + P225H
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• In Vitro Model: Vero E6 cells; Kideny; Homo sapiens (Human); N.A.
• In Vitro Model: BHKG43 cells; Kideny; Homo sapiens (Human); N.A.
• In Vitro Model: HEK 293T cells; Kidney; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0063
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: qRT-PCR; Deep sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Immunofluorescence assay
• Mechanism Description: Monoclonal antibodies targeting the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are effective against COVID-19 and might mitigate future pandemics. However, their efficacy is challenged by the emergence of antibody-resistant virus variants.

Disease Class: Corona Virus Disease 2019 [ICD-11: 1D92.0] [1]

• Resistant Disease: Corona Virus Disease 2019 [ICD-11: 1D92.0]
• Resistant Drug: Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab
• Molecule Alteration: Mutations; L2003M
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• In Vitro Model: Hela cells; Cervix uteri; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0030
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: qRT-PCR; Deep sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Immunofluorescence assay
• Mechanism Description: Monoclonal antibodies targeting the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are effective against COVID-19 and might mitigate future pandemics. However, their efficacy is challenged by the emergence of antibody-resistant virus variants.

References

• Ref 1: Identification of antibody-resistant SARS-CoV-2 mutants via N4-Hydroxycytidine mutagenesis. Antiviral Res. 2024 Nov;231:106006.