Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol04349)

• Name: CD9 antigen (CD9) ,Homo sapiens
• Synonyms: 5H9 antigen; Cell growth-inhibiting gene 2 protein ; Leukocyte antigen MIC3; Motility-related protein ; Tetraspanin-29; p24 ; CD_antigen=CD9
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: CD9
• Gene ID: 928
• Sequence:
  MPVKGGTKCIKYLLFGFNFIFWLAGIAVLAIGLWLRFDSQTKSIFEQETNNNNSSFYTGV
  YILIGAGALMMLVGFLGCCGAVQESQCMLGLFFGFLLVIFAIEIAAAIWGYSHKDEVIK
  E VQEFYKDTYNKLKTKDEPQRETLKAIHYALNCCGLAGGVEQFISDICPKKDVLETFTV
  KS CPDAIKEVFDNKFHIIGAVGIGIAVVMIFGMIFSMILCCAIRRNREMV
• Function: Integral membrane protein associated with integrins, whichregulates different processes, such as sperm-egg fusion, plateletactivation and aggregation, and cell adhesion . Present at the cell surface ofoocytes and plays a key role in sperm-egg fusion, possibly byorganizing multiprotein complexes and the morphology of the membranerequired for the fusion . In myoblasts, associates withCD81 and PTGFRN and inhibits myotube fusion during muscle regeneration. In macrophages, associates with CD81 and beta-1 andbeta-2 integrins, and prevents macrophage fusion into multinucleatedgiant cells specialized in ingesting complement-opsonized largeparticles . Also prevents the fusion betweenmononuclear cell progenitors into osteoclasts in charge of boneresorption . Acts as a receptor for PSG17 . Involved in platelet activation and aggregation. Regulates paranodal junction formation . Involved in cell adhesion, cell motility and tumormetastasis .{ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P40240, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12796480,ECO:0000269|PubMed:14575715, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18541721,ECO:0000269|PubMed:7511626, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8478605}.
• Uniprot ID: CD9_HUMAN
• Ensembl ID: ENSG0000001027815
• HGNC ID: HGNC:1709

Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  RTDM: Regulation by the Disease Microenvironment

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Metformin

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Regulation by the Disease Microenvironment (RTDM)

Disease Class: Acute myeloid leukemia [ICD-11: 2A60.0] [1]

• Sensitive Disease: Acute myeloid leukemia [ICD-11: 2A60.0]
• Sensitive Drug: Metformin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• In Vitro Model: KG-1 A cells; Blood; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0374
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: qPCR; qRT-PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cell viability and proliferation assay; Cell cycle assay; Flow cytometric assay
• Mechanism Description: We found that idarubicin slightly upregulated myeloid differentiation markers, CD11b and CD14. Treatment with cytarabine, idarubicin, venetoclax, metformin, and S63845 upregulated some cell surface markers like HLA-DR expression, and metformin upregulated CD9, CD31, and CD105 cell surface marker expression. In conclusion, we believe that metformin has the potential to be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of resistant-to-first-line-chemotherapy AML cells.Also, we believe that the results of our study will stimulate further research and the potential use of changes in the expression of cell surface markers in the development of new therapeutic strategies.

References

• Ref 1: Metformin as an Enhancer for the Treatment of Chemoresistant CD34+ Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Genes (Basel). 2024 May 20;15(5):648.