Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol00898)

• Name: Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) ,Vibrio cholerae
• Synonyms: dhfR; dhfrI; ERS013198_02214; ERS013202_02356; ERS013206_02102; ERS013207_02168; VC1786ICE_93
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: dfrA1
• Gene ID: 58164746
• Sequence:
  MKLSLMVAISKNGVIGNGPDIPWSAKGEQLLFKAITYNQWLLVGRKTFESMGALPNRKYA
  VVTRSSFTSDNENVLIFPSIKDALTNLKKITDHVIVSGGGEIYKSLIDQVDTLHISTIDI
  EPEGDVYFPEIPSNFRPVFTQDFASNINYSYQIWQKG
• Function: Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis.
• Uniprot ID: Q7B9D5_VIBCL

Kingdom: N.A.
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Vibrionales
Family: Vibrionaceae
Genus: Vibrio
Species: Vibrio cholerae

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  ADTT: Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target

  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 10 drug(s) in total

Ampicillin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Vibrio cholerae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Vibrio cholerae infection [ICD-11: 1A00.0]
• Resistant Drug: Ampicillin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae O62 strain AS438; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG149a; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG224; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG262(b); 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG9; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG95; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL1; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL61; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL78/6; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL91; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG92; 666
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR and DNA sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Commercial antimicrobial discs assay
• Mechanism Description: The expression of dfrA1 lead to drug resistance.

Chloramphenicol

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Vibrio cholerae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Vibrio cholerae infection [ICD-11: 1A00.0]
• Resistant Drug: Chloramphenicol
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG149a; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG262(b); 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG95; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL61; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL78/6; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL105b; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL141; 666
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR and DNA sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Commercial antimicrobial discs assay
• Mechanism Description: The expression of dfrA1 lead to drug resistance.

Ciprofloxacin XR

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Vibrio cholerae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Vibrio cholerae infection [ICD-11: 1A00.0]
• Resistant Drug: Ciprofloxacin XR
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae O62 strain AS438; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG224; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL1; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL61; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL78/6; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL141; 666
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR and DNA sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Commercial antimicrobial discs assay
• Mechanism Description: The expression of dfrA1 lead to drug resistance.

Framycetin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Vibrio cholerae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Vibrio cholerae infection [ICD-11: 1A00.0]
• Resistant Drug: Framycetin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae O62 strain AS438; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG262(b); 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG9; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL78/6; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL105b; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL141; 666
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR and DNA sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Commercial antimicrobial discs assay
• Mechanism Description: The expression of dfrA1 lead to drug resistance.

Furazolidone

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Vibrio cholerae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Vibrio cholerae infection [ICD-11: 1A00.0]
• Resistant Drug: Furazolidone
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae O62 strain AS438; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG149a; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG224; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG9; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG95; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL1; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL61; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL78/6; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL105b; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL141; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG92; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL134; 666
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR and DNA sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Commercial antimicrobial discs assay
• Mechanism Description: The expression of dfrA1 lead to drug resistance.

Gentamicin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Vibrio cholerae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Vibrio cholerae infection [ICD-11: 1A00.0]
• Resistant Drug: Gentamicin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG262(b); 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL61; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL78/6; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL105b; 666
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR and DNA sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Commercial antimicrobial discs assay
• Mechanism Description: The expression of dfrA1 lead to drug resistance.

Nalidixic acid

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Vibrio cholerae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Vibrio cholerae infection [ICD-11: 1A00.0]
• Resistant Drug: Nalidixic acid
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae O62 strain AS438; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG149a; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG224; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG262(b); 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG9; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG95; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL1; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL61; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL78/6; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL91; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG92; 666
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR and DNA sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Commercial antimicrobial discs assay
• Mechanism Description: The expression of dfrA1 lead to drug resistance.

Streptomycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Vibrio cholerae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Vibrio cholerae infection [ICD-11: 1A00.0]
• Resistant Drug: Streptomycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae O62 strain AS438; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG149a; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG262(b); 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG9; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG95; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL1; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL61; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL78/6; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL91; 666
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR and DNA sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Commercial antimicrobial discs assay
• Mechanism Description: The expression of dfrA1 lead to drug resistance.

Tetracycline

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Vibrio cholerae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Vibrio cholerae infection [ICD-11: 1A00.0]
• Resistant Drug: Tetracycline
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG149a; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL61; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL78/6; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL91; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL141; 666
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR and DNA sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Commercial antimicrobial discs assay
• Mechanism Description: The expression of dfrA1 lead to drug resistance.

Trimethoprim

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Disease Class: Vibrio cholerae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Vibrio cholerae infection [ICD-11: 1A00.0]
• Resistant Drug: Trimethoprim
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae O62 strain AS438; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG149a; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG224; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG262(b); 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG9; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG95; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL1; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL61; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL78/6; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL91; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG92; 666
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR and DNA sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Commercial antimicrobial discs assay
• Mechanism Description: The expression of dfrA1 lead to drug resistance.

Investigative Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Sulfamethizole/Sulfadiazine

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Disease Class: Vibrio cholerae infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Vibrio cholerae infection [ICD-11: 1A00.0]
• Resistant Drug: Sulfamethizole/Sulfadiazine
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae O62 strain AS438; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG149a; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG224; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG262(b); 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG9; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG95; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL1; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL61; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL78/6; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL91; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL105b; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL141; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PG92; 666
• In Vitro Model: Vibrio cholerae PL134; 666
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR and DNA sequencing assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Commercial antimicrobial discs assay
• Mechanism Description: The expression of dfrA1 lead to drug resistance.

References

• Ref 1: Occurrence of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes aac(6')-Ib, dfrA5, dfrA12, and ereA2 in class I integrons in non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains in India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Sep;46(9):2948-55. doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.9.2948-2955.2002.