Disease Information

General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00312)

• Name: Periodontal disease
• ICD: ICD-11: DA0C

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease

  DISM: Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification

  EADR: Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 3 drug(s) in total

Amoxicillin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Key Molecule: Beta-lactamase (Q9X4S7) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Chronic periodontitis [ICD-11: DA0C.Y]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Drug: Amoxicillin
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Prevotella nigrescens strain; 28133
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disc diffusion test
• Mechanism Description: Seventy five percent of patients carried two species of beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic bacteria that comprised 9.4% of the total number of cultivable bacteria. Fifty one percent of beta-lactamase-producing strains mainly Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides carried the cfxA gene, whereas none of them carried blaTEM. Further characterization of the cfxA gene showed that 76.7% of these strains carried the cfxA2 gene, 14% carried cfxA3, and 9.3% carried cfxA6. The cfxA6 gene was present in three Prevotella spp. and in one Porphyromonas spp. Strains containing cfxA genes (56%) were resistant to the beta-lactam antibiotics.

Key Molecule: Beta-lactamase (Q9X4S7) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Chronic periodontitis [ICD-11: DA0C.Y]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Drug: Amoxicillin
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Porphyromonas gingivalis strain; 837
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disc diffusion test
• Mechanism Description: Seventy five percent of patients carried two species of beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic bacteria that comprised 9.4% of the total number of cultivable bacteria. Fifty one percent of beta-lactamase-producing strains mainly Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides carried the cfxA gene, whereas none of them carried blaTEM. Further characterization of the cfxA gene showed that 76.7% of these strains carried the cfxA2 gene, 14% carried cfxA3, and 9.3% carried cfxA6. The cfxA6 gene was present in three Prevotella spp. and in one Porphyromonas spp. Strains containing cfxA genes (56%) were resistant to the beta-lactam antibiotics.

Ampicillin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Key Molecule: Beta-lactamase (Q9X4S7) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Chronic periodontitis [ICD-11: DA0C.Y]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Drug: Ampicillin
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Prevotella nigrescens strain; 28133
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disc diffusion test
• Mechanism Description: Seventy five percent of patients carried two species of beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic bacteria that comprised 9.4% of the total number of cultivable bacteria. Fifty one percent of beta-lactamase-producing strains mainly Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides carried the cfxA gene, whereas none of them carried blaTEM. Further characterization of the cfxA gene showed that 76.7% of these strains carried the cfxA2 gene, 14% carried cfxA3, and 9.3% carried cfxA6. The cfxA6 gene was present in three Prevotella spp. and in one Porphyromonas spp. Strains containing cfxA genes (56%) were resistant to the beta-lactam antibiotics.

Key Molecule: Beta-lactamase (Q9X4S7) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Chronic periodontitis [ICD-11: DA0C.Y]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Drug: Ampicillin
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Porphyromonas gingivalis strain; 837
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disc diffusion test
• Mechanism Description: Seventy five percent of patients carried two species of beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic bacteria that comprised 9.4% of the total number of cultivable bacteria. Fifty one percent of beta-lactamase-producing strains mainly Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides carried the cfxA gene, whereas none of them carried blaTEM. Further characterization of the cfxA gene showed that 76.7% of these strains carried the cfxA2 gene, 14% carried cfxA3, and 9.3% carried cfxA6. The cfxA6 gene was present in three Prevotella spp. and in one Porphyromonas spp. Strains containing cfxA genes (56%) were resistant to the beta-lactam antibiotics.

Penicillin V

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Key Molecule: Beta-lactamase (Q9X4S7) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Chronic periodontitis [ICD-11: DA0C.Y]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Drug: Penicillin V
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Prevotella nigrescens strain; 28133
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disc diffusion test
• Mechanism Description: Seventy five percent of patients carried two species of beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic bacteria that comprised 9.4% of the total number of cultivable bacteria. Fifty one percent of beta-lactamase-producing strains mainly Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides carried the cfxA gene, whereas none of them carried blaTEM. Further characterization of the cfxA gene showed that 76.7% of these strains carried the cfxA2 gene, 14% carried cfxA3, and 9.3% carried cfxA6. The cfxA6 gene was present in three Prevotella spp. and in one Porphyromonas spp. Strains containing cfxA genes (56%) were resistant to the beta-lactam antibiotics.

Key Molecule: Beta-lactamase (Q9X4S7) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Chronic periodontitis [ICD-11: DA0C.Y]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Drug: Penicillin V
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Porphyromonas gingivalis strain; 837
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disc diffusion test
• Mechanism Description: Seventy five percent of patients carried two species of beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic bacteria that comprised 9.4% of the total number of cultivable bacteria. Fifty one percent of beta-lactamase-producing strains mainly Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides carried the cfxA gene, whereas none of them carried blaTEM. Further characterization of the cfxA gene showed that 76.7% of these strains carried the cfxA2 gene, 14% carried cfxA3, and 9.3% carried cfxA6. The cfxA6 gene was present in three Prevotella spp. and in one Porphyromonas spp. Strains containing cfxA genes (56%) were resistant to the beta-lactam antibiotics.

Investigative Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Lipopolysaccharide

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR)

Key Molecule: Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) [2]

• Resistant Disease: Periodontitis [ICD-11: DA0C.0]
• Molecule Alteration: Up-regulation; Interaction
• Resistant Drug: Lipopolysaccharide
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Primary human gingival fibroblast cells; N.A.; Homo sapiens (Human); N.A.
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: qRT-PCR; Luciferase assay; RIP experiments assay; Mimic; Overexpression assay; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Western bloting analysis
• Mechanism Description: LncRNA MALAT1 regulates inflammatory cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts through sponging miR-20a and activating TLR4 pathway.

References

• Ref 1: Detection of cfxA2, cfxA3, and cfxA6 genes in beta-lactamase producing oral anaerobes .J Appl Oral Sci. 2016 Apr;24(2):142-7. doi: 10.1590/1678-775720150469. 10.1590/1678-775720150469
• Ref 2: Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 interacts with transcription factor Foxo1 to regulate SIRT1 transcription in high glucose-induced HK-2 cells injuryBiochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Sep 5;503(2):849-855. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.086. Epub 2018 Jul 14.