Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol01063)

• Name: Quinolone resistance protein NorA (NORA) ,Staphylococcus aureus
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: norA
• Sequence:
  MNKQIFVLYFNIFLIFLGIGLVIPVLPVYLKDLGLTGSDLGLLVAAFALSQMIISPFGGT
  LADKLGKKLIICIGLILFSVSEFMFAVGHNFSVLMLSRVIGGMSAGMVMPGVTGLIADIS
  PSHQKAKNFGYMSAIINSGFILGPGIGGFMAEVSHRMPFYFAGALGILAFIMSIVLIHDP
  KKSTTSGFQKLEPQLLTKINWKVFITPVILTLVLSFGLSAFETLYSLYTADKVNYSPKDI
  SIAITGGGIFGALFQIYFFDKFMKYFSELTFIAWSLLYSVVVLILLVFANGYWSIMLISF
  VVFIGFDMIRPAITNYFSNIAGERQGFAGGLNSTFTSMGNFIGPLIAGALFDVHIEAPIY
  MAIGVSLAGVVIVLIEKQHRAKLKEQNM
• Function: Involved in quinolone resistance. May constitute a membrane-associated active efflux pump of hydrophilic quinolones.
• Uniprot ID: NORA_STAAU

Kingdom: N.A.
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Bacilli
Order: Bacillales
Family: Staphylococcaceae
Genus: Staphylococcus
Species: Staphylococcus aureus

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  IDUE: Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 4 drug(s) in total

Ciprofloxacin XR

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE)

Disease Class: Staphylococcus aureus infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B54.0]
• Resistant Drug: Ciprofloxacin XR
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli HB101; 634468
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus strain SA113; 1280
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Dideoxy chain-termination method assay
• Mechanism Description: The norA gene cloned from chromosomal DNA of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tk2566 conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but only low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli.

Disease Class: Staphylococcus aureus infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B54.0]
• Resistant Drug: Ciprofloxacin XR
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Acquired
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli HB101; 634468
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus strain SA113; 1280
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Dideoxy chain-termination method assay
• Mechanism Description: The norA gene cloned from chromosomal DNA of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tk2566 conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but only low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli. S. aureus SA113 (pTUS20) harboring a plasmid carrying the staphylococcal norA gene was 16 to 64 times more resistant to relatively hydrophilic quinolones.

Disease Class: Escherichia coli infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Escherichia coli infection [ICD-11: 1A03.0]
• Resistant Drug: Ciprofloxacin XR
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Acquired
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli HB101; 634468
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus strain SA113; 1280
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Dideoxy chain-termination method assay
• Mechanism Description: The norA gene cloned from chromosomal DNA of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tk2566 conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but only low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli strains containing one of the plasmids carrying the norA gene (pTUS1, pTUS180, pTUS829, and pTUS206) were 8 to 64 times more resistant to the hydrophilic quinolones than the parent quinolone-susceptible strain.

Enoxacin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE)

Disease Class: Staphylococcus aureus infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B54.0]
• Resistant Drug: Enoxacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli HB101; 634468
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus strain SA113; 1280
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Dideoxy chain-termination method assay
• Mechanism Description: The norA gene cloned from chromosomal DNA of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tk2566 conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but only low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli.

Disease Class: Staphylococcus aureus infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B54.0]
• Resistant Drug: Enoxacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Acquired
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli HB101; 634468
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus strain SA113; 1280
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Dideoxy chain-termination method assay
• Mechanism Description: The norA gene cloned from chromosomal DNA of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tk2566 conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but only low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli. S. aureus SA113 (pTUS20) harboring a plasmid carrying the staphylococcal norA gene was 16 to 64 times more resistant to relatively hydrophilic quinolones.

Disease Class: Escherichia coli infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Escherichia coli infection [ICD-11: 1A03.0]
• Resistant Drug: Enoxacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Acquired
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli HB101; 634468
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus strain SA113; 1280
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Dideoxy chain-termination method assay
• Mechanism Description: The norA gene cloned from chromosomal DNA of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tk2566 conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but only low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli strains containing one of the plasmids carrying the norA gene (pTUS1, pTUS180, pTUS829, and pTUS206) were 8 to 64 times more resistant to the hydrophilic quinolones than the parent quinolone-susceptible strain.

Norfloxacin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE)

Disease Class: Staphylococcus aureus infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B54.0]
• Resistant Drug: Norfloxacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli HB101; 634468
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus strain SA113; 1280
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Dideoxy chain-termination method assay
• Mechanism Description: The norA gene cloned from chromosomal DNA of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tk2566 conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but only low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli.

Disease Class: Staphylococcus aureus infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B54.0]
• Resistant Drug: Norfloxacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Acquired
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli HB101; 634468
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus strain SA113; 1280
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Dideoxy chain-termination method assay
• Mechanism Description: The norA gene cloned from chromosomal DNA of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tk2566 conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but only low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli. S. aureus SA113 (pTUS20) harboring a plasmid carrying the staphylococcal norA gene was 16 to 64 times more resistant to relatively hydrophilic quinolones.

Disease Class: Escherichia coli infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Escherichia coli infection [ICD-11: 1A03.0]
• Resistant Drug: Norfloxacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Acquired
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli HB101; 634468
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus strain SA113; 1280
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Dideoxy chain-termination method assay
• Mechanism Description: The norA gene cloned from chromosomal DNA of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tk2566 conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but only low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli strains containing one of the plasmids carrying the norA gene (pTUS1, pTUS180, pTUS829, and pTUS206) were 8 to 64 times more resistant to the hydrophilic quinolones than the parent quinolone-susceptible strain.

Ofloxacin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE)

Disease Class: Staphylococcus aureus infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B54.0]
• Resistant Drug: Ofloxacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli HB101; 634468
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus strain SA113; 1280
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Dideoxy chain-termination method assay
• Mechanism Description: The norA gene cloned from chromosomal DNA of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tk2566 conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but only low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli.

Disease Class: Staphylococcus aureus infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Staphylococcus aureus infection [ICD-11: 1B54.0]
• Resistant Drug: Ofloxacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Acquired
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli HB101; 634468
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus strain SA113; 1280
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Dideoxy chain-termination method assay
• Mechanism Description: The norA gene cloned from chromosomal DNA of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tk2566 conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but only low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli. S. aureus SA113 (pTUS20) harboring a plasmid carrying the staphylococcal norA gene was 16 to 64 times more resistant to relatively hydrophilic quinolones.

Disease Class: Escherichia coli infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Escherichia coli infection [ICD-11: 1A03.0]
• Resistant Drug: Ofloxacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Acquired
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli HB101; 634468
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus strain SA113; 1280
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Dideoxy chain-termination method assay
• Mechanism Description: The norA gene cloned from chromosomal DNA of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tk2566 conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but only low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli strains containing one of the plasmids carrying the norA gene (pTUS1, pTUS180, pTUS829, and pTUS206) were 8 to 64 times more resistant to the hydrophilic quinolones than the parent quinolone-susceptible strain.

References

• Ref 1: Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the Staphylococcus aureus norA gene, which confers resistance to quinolones. J Bacteriol. 1990 Dec;172(12):6942-9. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.12.6942-6949.1990.