Drug Information

Drug (ID: DG00345) and It's Reported Resistant Information

• Name: Benzalkonium chloride
• Indication:
  In total 1 Indication(s)
  Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]; Approved; [1]
• Drug Resistance Disease(s):
  Disease(s) with Clinically Reported Resistance for This Drug (1 diseases)
  Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]; [2]
  Disease(s) with Resistance Information Validated by in-vivo Model for This Drug (1 diseases)
  Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]; [1]
• TTD Drug ID: D07VRO
• DrugBank ID: DB11105

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Drug

  IDUE: Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Diseases

ICD-01: Infectious/parasitic diseases

Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE)

Key Molecule: Protein QacZ (QACZ) [1]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Resistant Disease: Enterococcal infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Enterococcus faecalis EF-SAVE1; 1244142
• In Vitro Model: Enterococcus faecalis V583ErmS; 1244142
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: RT-PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MIC determination assay
• Mechanism Description: A derivative strain of V583, susceptible to erythromycin (V583ErmS), was complemented with pORI23 carrying the qacZ gene (strain EF-SAVE1). MICs of benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and ethidium bromide were determined for the complemented strain and wild-type. The complemented strain, EF-SAVE1, presented a higher MIC of benzalkonium chloride (8 mg/L) than V583ErmS (4 mg/L); the MICs of chlorhexidine and ethidium bromide were the same for both strains, 4 mg/L and 16 mg/L, respectively. Expression of qacZ was found to be higher in EF-SAVE1 and constitutive, i.e. not inducible by any of the three tested bi.

Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein PmpM (PMPM) [2]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli kAM32/pSTV28; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR amplification and DNA sequence assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MIC assay
• Mechanism Description: PmpM is a multi drug efflux pump coupled with hydrogen ions, which reduces the intracellular drug concentration and produces drug resistance.

References

• Ref 1: Involvement, and dissemination, of the enterococcal small multidrug resistance transporter QacZ in resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Feb;66(2):283-6. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq460. Epub 2010 Dec 8.
• Ref 2: An H(+)-coupled multidrug efflux pump, PmpM, a member of the MATE family of transporters, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol. 2004 Jan;186(1):262-5. doi: 10.1128/JB.186.1.262-265.2004.