Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol00849)

• Name: Bifunctional AAC/APH (AAC/APH) ,Campylobacter jejuni
• Synonyms: aph(2'')
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: aac(6')
• Sequence:
  MEIVQDKIRIRTLTNDDFPLMLKWLTDDRVLEFYGGRDKKYTLESLKEHYTEKWEDEVFR
  VIIEYDNVPIGYGQVYKMYDELYSDYHYPKTNEIVYGMDQFIGEPEYWSKGIGSKYTKMI
  FEFLKKERNANAVILDPHKNNPRAIRSYQKSGFRIIEDLPEHELHEGKKEDCYLMEYRYD
  DNVTNVKAMKYLIEHYFEDFKVESIKVIGSGYDSVAYLVNGEYIFKTKFSANKKKGYEKE
  KAIYDFLNQRLNTNIKIPNVKYSYFSDNISILGYKEIKGTFLTPEIYFALSKEKQELLKQ
  DIAMFLRQMHDLDYSEISLYTIDNKQNVLEEYQLLKDTIYDSLTDIEKQYVEDFMQRLHS
  TTIFDGKKCLCHNDFSCNHLLLDDENRLCGVIDFGDSGIIDEYCDFIYLLEDSEEEIGVS
  FGEDILRLYGNIDISKAKEYQDVVEQYYPIETIVYGIKNNRPDFIEKGRKEIYIRTRKDE
  KLRK
• Function: Involved in resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and kanamycin. Tobramycin and kanamycin resistance is due to the ACC activity, specified by N-terminal region. The C-terminal region is a kinase that phosphorylates several 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides.
• Uniprot ID: A0A075C639_CAMJU

Kingdom: N.A.
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Epsilonproteobacteria
Order: Campylobacterales
Family: Campylobacteraceae
Genus: Campylobacter
Species: Campylobacter jejuni

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  DISM: Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 5 drug(s) in total

Dibekacin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Dibekacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Dibekacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Respiratory trac infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Respiratory trac infection [ICD-11: CA45.0]
• Resistant Drug: Dibekacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Infective endocarditis [1]

• Resistant Disease: Infective endocarditis [ICD-11: BB40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Dibekacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Sepsis [1]

• Resistant Disease: Sepsis [ICD-11: 1G40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Dibekacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Dibekacin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Gentamicin A

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Gentamicin A
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Gentamicin A
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Respiratory trac infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Respiratory trac infection [ICD-11: CA45.0]
• Resistant Drug: Gentamicin A
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Infective endocarditis [1]

• Resistant Disease: Infective endocarditis [ICD-11: BB40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Gentamicin A
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Sepsis [1]

• Resistant Disease: Sepsis [ICD-11: 1G40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Gentamicin A
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Gentamicin A
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Kanamycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Kanamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Kanamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Respiratory trac infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Respiratory trac infection [ICD-11: CA45.0]
• Resistant Drug: Kanamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Infective endocarditis [1]

• Resistant Disease: Infective endocarditis [ICD-11: BB40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Kanamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Sepsis [1]

• Resistant Disease: Sepsis [ICD-11: 1G40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Kanamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Kanamycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Sisomicin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Sisomicin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Sisomicin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Respiratory trac infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Respiratory trac infection [ICD-11: CA45.0]
• Resistant Drug: Sisomicin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Infective endocarditis [1]

• Resistant Disease: Infective endocarditis [ICD-11: BB40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Sisomicin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Sepsis [1]

• Resistant Disease: Sepsis [ICD-11: 1G40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Sisomicin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Sisomicin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Tobramycin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Tobramycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Tobramycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Respiratory trac infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Respiratory trac infection [ICD-11: CA45.0]
• Resistant Drug: Tobramycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Infective endocarditis [1]

• Resistant Disease: Infective endocarditis [ICD-11: BB40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Tobramycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Sepsis [1]

• Resistant Disease: Sepsis [ICD-11: 1G40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Tobramycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

Disease Class: Gram-negative pathogens infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gram-negative pathogens infection [ICD-11: 1B74-1G40]
• Resistant Drug: Tobramycin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); 469008
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli JM83; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: SDS-PAGE assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Aminoglycoside 2"-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci.APH(2")-If. This enzyme confers resistance to the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, but not to arbekacin, amikacin, isepamicin, or netilmicin.

References

• Ref 1: Novel aminoglycoside 2''-phosphotransferase identified in a gram-negative pathogen. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Jan;57(1):452-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02049-12. Epub 2012 Nov 5.