Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol00139)

• Name: PH domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) ,Homo sapiens
• Synonyms: Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family E member 1; PH domain-containing family E member 1; Suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian oscillatory protein; hSCOP; KIAA0606; PHLPP; PLEKHE1; SCOP
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: PHLPP1
• Gene ID: 23239
• Location: chr18:62715541-62980433[+]
• Sequence:
  MEPAAAATVQRLPELGREDRASAPAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALAAAAGGGRSPEPALTPAAP
  SGGNGSGSGAREEAPGEAPPGPLPGRAGGAGRRRRRGAPQPIAGGAAPVPGAGGGANSLL
  LRRGRLKRNLSAAAAAASSSSSSSAAAASHSPGAAGLPASCSASASLCTRSLDRKTLLLK
  HRQTLQLQPSDRDWVRHQLQRGCVHVFDRHMASTYLRPVLCTLDTTAGEVAARLLQLGHK
  GGGVVKVLGQGPGAAAAREPAEPPPEAGPRLAPPEPRDSEVPPARSAPGAFGGPPRAPPA
  DLPLPVGGPGGWSRRASPAPSDSSPGEPFVGGPVSSPRAPRPVVSDTESFSLSPSAESVS
  DRLDPYSSGGGSSSSSEELEADAASAPTGVPGQPRRPGHPAQPLPLPQTASSPQPQQKAP
  RAIDSPGGAVREGSCEEKAAAAVAPGGLQSTPGRSGVTAEKAPPPPPPPTLYVQLHGETT
  RRLEAEEKPLQIQNDYLFQLGFGELWRVQEEGMDSEIGCLIRFYAGKPHSTGSSERIQLS
  GMYNVRKGKMQLPVNRWTRRQVILCGTCLIVSSVKDSLTGKMHVLPLIGGKVEEVKKHQH
  CLAFSSSGPQSQTYYICFDTFTEYLRWLRQVSKVASQRISSVDLSCCSLEHLPANLFYSQ
  DLTHLNLKQNFLRQNPSLPAARGLNELQRFTKLKSLNLSNNHLGDFPLAVCSIPTLAELN
  VSCNALRSVPAAVGVMHNLQTFLLDGNFLQSLPAELENMKQLSYLGLSFNEFTDIPEVLE
  KLTAVDKLCMSGNCVETLRLQALRKMPHIKHVDLRLNVIRKLIADEVDFLQHVTQLDLRD
  NKLGDLDAMIFNNIEVLHCERNQLVTLDICGYFLKALYASSNELVQLDVYPVPNYLSYMD
  VSRNRLENVPEWVCESRKLEVLDIGHNQICELPARLFCNSSLRKLLAGHNQLARLPERLE
  RTSVEVLDVQHNQLLELPPNLLMKADSLRFLNASANKLESLPPATLSEETNSILQELYLT
  NNSLTDKCVPLLTGHPHLKILHMAYNRLQSFPASKMAKLEELEEIDLSGNKLKAIPTTIM
  NCRRMHTVIAHSNCIEVFPEVMQLPEIKCVDLSCNELSEVTLPENLPPKLQELDLTGNPR
  LVLDHKTLELLNNIRCFKIDQPSTGDASGAPAVWSHGYTEASGVKNKLCVAALSVNNFCD
  NREALYGVFDGDRNVEVPYLLQCTMSDILAEELQKTKNEEEYMVNTFIVMQRKLGTAGQK
  LGGAAVLCHIKHDPVDPGGSFTLTSANVGKCQTVLCRNGKPLPLSRSYIMSCEEELKRIK
  QHKAIITEDGKVNGVTESTRILGYTFLHPSVVPRPHVQSVLLTPQDEFFILGSKGLWDSL
  SVEEAVEAVRNVPDALAAAKKLCTLAQSYGCHDSISAVVVQLSVTEDSFCCCELSAGGAV
  PPPSPGIFPPSVNMVIKDRPSDGLGVPSSSSGMASEISSELSTSEMSSEVGSTASDEPPP
  GALSENSPAYPSEQRCMLHPICLSNSFQRQLSSATFSSAFSDNGLDSDDEEPIEGVFTNG
  SRVEVEVDIHCSRAKEKEKQQHLLQVPAEASDEGIVISANEDEPGLPRKADFSAVGTIGR
  RRANGSVAPQERSHNVIEVATDAPLRKPGGYFAAPAQPDPDDQFIIPPELEEEVKEIMKH
  HQEQQQQQQPPPPPQLQPQLPRHYQLDQLPDYYDTPL
• Function: Protein phosphatase involved in regulation of Akt and PKC signaling. Mediates dephosphorylation in the C-terminal domain hydrophobic motif of members of the AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family; specifically acts on 'Ser-473' of AKT2 and AKT3, 'Ser-660' of PRKCB and 'Ser-657' of PRKCA. Isoform 2 seems to have a major role in regulating Akt signaling in hippocampal neurons. Akt regulates the balance between cell survival and apoptosis through a cascade that primarily alters the function of transcription factors that regulate pro- and antiapoptotic genes. Dephosphorylation of 'Ser-473' of Akt triggers apoptosis and suppression of tumor growth. Dephosphorylation of PRKCA and PRKCB leads to their destabilization and degradation. Dephosphorylates STK4 on 'Thr-387' leading to STK4 activation and apoptosis. Dephosphorylates RPS6KB1 and is involved in regulation of cap-dependent translation. Inhibits cancer cell proliferation and may act as a tumor suppressor. Dephosphorylates RAF1 inhibiting its kinase activity. May act as a negative regulator of K-Ras signaling in membrane rafts. Involved in the hippocampus-dependent long-term memory formation. Involved in circadian control by regulating the consolidation of circadian periodicity after resetting. Involved in development and function of regulatory T-cells.
• Uniprot ID: PHLP1_HUMAN
• Ensembl ID: ENSG00000081913
• HGNC ID: HGNC:20610

Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Cetuximab

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90.1] [1]

• Resistant Disease: Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90.1]
• Resistant Drug: Cetuximab
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation

Differential expression of the molecule in resistant disease

• Classification of Disease: Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]
• The Specified Disease: Colon cancer
• The Studied Tissue: Colon tissue
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 7.37E-37; Fold-change: -9.49E-02; Z-score: -1.47E+01
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: AKT signaling pathway; Inhibition; hsa04151
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell migration; Activation; hsa04670
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Activation; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: GEO CR cells; Colon; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0271
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTS assay
• Mechanism Description: The ability of miR-199a-5p and miR-375 to target PHLPP1 (PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1), a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates the AkT pathway, accounts, at least in part, for their drug-resistance activity. Indeed, restoration of PHLPP1 increases sensitivity of the GEO cells to CTX and reverts the resistance-promoting effect of miR-199a-5p and miR-375.

Disease- and Tissue-specific Abundances of This Molecule

ICD Disease Classification 02

Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Colon
• The Specified Disease: Colon cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 7.37E-37; Fold-change: -3.06E-01; Z-score: -1.44E+00
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 1.42E-10; Fold-change: -1.95E-01; Z-score: -7.43E-01

References

• Ref 1: MiR-199a-5p and miR-375 affect colon cancer cell sensitivity to cetuximab by targeting PHLPP1. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2015;19(8):1017-26. doi: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1057569. Epub 2015 Jun 24.