Disease Information

General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00014)

• Name: Gastroenteritis
• ICD: ICD-11: 1A40

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease

  ADTT: Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target

  EADR: Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 2 drug(s) in total

Ciprofloxacin XR

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: DNA gyrase subunit A (GYRA) [1], [2]

• Resistant Disease: Gastroenteritis [ICD-11: 1A40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Ciprofloxacin XR
• Molecule Alteration: Missense mutation; p.S97P
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Salmonella enteritidis isolates; 149539
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Whole genome sequence assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Etest assay
• Mechanism Description: Quinolones target the bacterial DNA gyrase; this enzyme is a type II topoisomerase that is essential for bacterial DNA replication.This enzyme consists of 2A and 2B subunits encoded by gyrA and gyrB genes, respectively.

Key Molecule: DNA gyrase subunit A (GYRA) [1], [2]

• Resistant Disease: Gastroenteritis [ICD-11: 1A40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Ciprofloxacin XR
• Molecule Alteration: Missense mutation; p.S83F
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Salmonella enteritidis isolates; 149539
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Whole genome sequence assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Etest assay
• Mechanism Description: Quinolones target the bacterial DNA gyrase; this enzyme is a type II topoisomerase that is essential for bacterial DNA replication.This enzyme consists of 2A and 2B subunits encoded by gyrA and gyrB genes, respectively.

Key Molecule: DNA gyrase subunit A (GYRA) [1], [2]

• Resistant Disease: Gastroenteritis [ICD-11: 1A40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Ciprofloxacin XR
• Molecule Alteration: Missense mutation; p.D87Y
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Salmonella enteritidis isolates; 149539
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Whole genome sequence assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Etest assay
• Mechanism Description: Quinolones target the bacterial DNA gyrase; this enzyme is a type II topoisomerase that is essential for bacterial DNA replication.This enzyme consists of 2A and 2B subunits encoded by gyrA and gyrB genes, respectively.

Key Molecule: DNA gyrase subunit A (GYRA) [1], [2]

• Resistant Disease: Gastroenteritis [ICD-11: 1A40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Ciprofloxacin XR
• Molecule Alteration: Missense mutation; p.D87N
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Salmonella enteritidis isolates; 149539
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Whole genome sequence assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Etest assay
• Mechanism Description: Quinolones target the bacterial DNA gyrase; this enzyme is a type II topoisomerase that is essential for bacterial DNA replication.This enzyme consists of 2A and 2B subunits encoded by gyrA and gyrB genes, respectively.

Nalidixic acid

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR)

Key Molecule: DNA gyrase subunit A (GYRA) [1], [2]

• Resistant Disease: Gastroenteritis [ICD-11: 1A40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Nalidixic acid
• Molecule Alteration: Missense mutation; p.S97P
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Salmonella enteritidis isolates; 149539
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Whole genome sequence assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Etest assay
• Mechanism Description: Quinolones target the bacterial DNA gyrase; this enzyme is a type II topoisomerase that is essential for bacterial DNA replication.This enzyme consists of 2A and 2B subunits encoded by gyrA and gyrB genes, respectively.

Key Molecule: DNA gyrase subunit A (GYRA) [1], [2]

• Resistant Disease: Gastroenteritis [ICD-11: 1A40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Nalidixic acid
• Molecule Alteration: Missense mutation; p.S83F
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Salmonella enteritidis isolates; 149539
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Whole genome sequence assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Etest assay
• Mechanism Description: Quinolones target the bacterial DNA gyrase; this enzyme is a type II topoisomerase that is essential for bacterial DNA replication.This enzyme consists of 2A and 2B subunits encoded by gyrA and gyrB genes, respectively.

Key Molecule: DNA gyrase subunit A (GYRA) [1], [2]

• Resistant Disease: Gastroenteritis [ICD-11: 1A40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Nalidixic acid
• Molecule Alteration: Missense mutation; p.D87Y
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Salmonella enteritidis isolates; 149539
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Whole genome sequence assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Etest assay
• Mechanism Description: Quinolones target the bacterial DNA gyrase; this enzyme is a type II topoisomerase that is essential for bacterial DNA replication.This enzyme consists of 2A and 2B subunits encoded by gyrA and gyrB genes, respectively.

Key Molecule: DNA gyrase subunit A (GYRA) [1], [2]

• Resistant Disease: Gastroenteritis [ICD-11: 1A40.0]
• Resistant Drug: Nalidixic acid
• Molecule Alteration: Missense mutation; p.D87N
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Salmonella enteritidis isolates; 149539
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Whole genome sequence assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Etest assay
• Mechanism Description: Quinolones target the bacterial DNA gyrase; this enzyme is a type II topoisomerase that is essential for bacterial DNA replication.This enzyme consists of 2A and 2B subunits encoded by gyrA and gyrB genes, respectively.

References

• Ref 1: Prevalence of gyrA Mutations in Nalidixic Acid-Resistant Strains of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from Humans, Food, Chickens, and the Farm Environment in Brazil. Microb Drug Resist. 2017 Jun;23(4):421-428. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0024. Epub 2016 Aug 25.
• Ref 2: GyrA ser83 and ParC trp106 Mutations in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Isolated from Typhoid Fever Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Jul;10(7):DC14-8. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/17677.8153. Epub 2016 Jul 1.