General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol00971)
Name
Galactarate dehydratase (L-threo-forming) (GARD) ,Escherichia coli
Synonyms
GalcD; yhaG; b3128; JW3097
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Molecule Type
Protein
Gene Name
garD
Gene ID
947641
Sequence
MANIEIRQETPTAFYIKVHDTDNVAIIVNDNGLKAGTRFPDGLELIEHIPQGHKVALLDI
PANGEIIRYGEVIGYAVRAIPRGSWIDESMVVLPEAPPLHTLPLATKVPEPLPPLEGYTF
EGYRNADGSVGTKNLLGITTSVHCVAGVVDYVVKIIERDLLPKYPNVDGVVGLNHLYGCG
VAINAPAAVVPIRTIHNISLNPNFGGEVMVIGLGCEKLQPERLLTGTDDVQAIPVESASI
VSLQDEKHVGFQSMVEDILQIAERHLQKLNQRQRETCPASELVVGMQCGGSDAFSGVTAN
PAVGYASDLLVRCGATVMFSEVTEVRDAIHLLTPRAVNEEVGKRLLEEMEWYDNYLNMGK
TDRSANPSPGNKKGGLANVVEKALGSIAKSGKSAIVEVLSPGQRPTKRGLIYAATPASDF
VCGTQQVASGITVQVFTTGRGTPYGLMAVPVIKMATRTELANRWFDLMDINAGTIATGEE
TIEEVGWKLFHFILDVASGKKKTFSDQWGLHNQLAVFNPAPVT
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Function
Catalyzes the dehydration of galactarate to form 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate (5-KDG).
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Uniprot ID
GARD_ECOLI
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Kingdom: N.A.
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Enterobacterales
Family: Enterobacteriaceae
Genus: Escherichia
Species: Escherichia coli
Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule
  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway
Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug
Approved Drug(s)
1 drug(s) in total
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Triclosan
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Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms
       Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP) Click to Show/Hide
Disease Class: Escherichia coli infection [1]
Resistant Disease Escherichia coli infection [ICD-11: 1A03.0]
Resistant Drug Triclosan
Molecule Alteration Expression
Up-regulation
Experimental Note Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
In Vitro Model E. coli IFN4 562
Experiment for
Molecule Alteration
Microarray hybridization assay
Experiment for
Drug Resistance
MIC assay
Mechanism Description A FabI NAD+ triclosan ternary complex is formed by face-to-face interaction between the phenol ring of triclosan and the nicotinamide ring of NAD+ in the active site of FabI (enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase) and therefore highly expressed reductases (narGHJI, garR, hcp and yeaA) and dehydrogenases (fdnGHI, ykgEF, garD, gldA and yeiQ) could bind triclosan which were as the NAD(P) cofactor, thus lowering the effective triclosan concentration.
References
Ref 1 Signature gene expression profile of triclosan-resistant Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Jun;65(6):1171-7. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq114. Epub 2010 Apr 21.

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