Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol00913)

• Name: DNA gyrase subunit A (GYRA) ,Staphylococcus aureus
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: gyrA
• Sequence:
  MAELPQSRINERNITSEMRESFLDYAMSVIVARALPDVRDGLKPVHRRILYGLNEQGMTP
  DKSYKKSARIVGDVMGKYHPHGDSSIYEAMVRMAQDFSYRYPLVDGQGNFGSMDGDGAAA
  MRYTEARMTKITLELLRDINKDTIDFIDNYDGNEREPSVLPARFPNLLANGASGIAVGMA
  TNIPPHNLTELINGVLSLSKNPDISIAELMEDIEGPDFPTAGLILGKSGIRRAYETGRGS
  IQMRSRAVIEERGGGRQRIVVTEIPFQVNKARMIEKIAELVRDKKIDGITDLRDETSLRT
  GVRVVIDVRKDANASVILNNLYKQTPLQTSFGVNMIALVNGRPKLINLKEALVHYLEHQK
  TVVRRRTQYNLRKAKDRAHILEGLRIALDHIDEIISTIRESDTDKVAMESLQQRFKLSEK
  QAQAILDMRLRRLTGLERDKIEAEYNELLNYISELEAILADEEVLLQLVRDELTEIRDRF
  GDDRRTEIQLGGFEDLEDEDLIPEEQIVITLSHNNYIKRLPVSTYRAQNRGGRGVQGMNT
  LEEDFVSQLVTLSTHDHVLFFTNKGRVYKLKGYEVPELSRQSKGIPVVNAIELENDEVIS
  TMIAVKDLESEDNFLVFATKRGVVKRSALSNFSRINRNGKIAISFREDDELIAVRLTSGQ
  EDILIGTSHASLIRFPESTLRPLGRTATGVKGITLREGDEVVGLDVAHANSVDEVLVVTE
  NGYGKRTPVNDYRLSNRGGKGIKTATITERNGNVVCITTVTGEEDLMIVTNAGVIIRLDV
  ADISQNGRAAQGVRLIRLGDDQFVSTVAKVKEDAEDETNEDEQSTSTVSEDGTEQQREAV
  VNDETPGNAIHTEVIDSEENDEDGRIEVRQDFMDRVEEDIQQSLDEDEE
• Function: A type II topoisomerase that negatively supercoils closed circular double-stranded (ds) DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to modulate DNA topology and maintain chromosomes in an underwound state. Negative supercoiling favors strand separation, and DNA replication, transcription, recombination and repair, all of which involve strand separation. Also able to catalyze the interconversion of other topological isomers of dsDNA rings, including catenanes and knotted rings. Type II topoisomerases break and join 2 DNA strands simultaneously in an ATP-dependent manner.
• Uniprot ID: GYRA_STAAU

Kingdom: N.A.
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Bacilli
Order: Bacillales
Family: Staphylococcaceae
Genus: Staphylococcus
Species: Staphylococcus aureus

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  EADR: Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Enoxacin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR)

Disease Class: Respiratory trac infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Respiratory trac infection [ICD-11: CA45.0]
• Resistant Drug: Enoxacin
• Molecule Alteration: Missense mutation; p.G75S
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213; 1280
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus isolates; 1280
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Quinolone/fluoroquinolone resistance is most likely due to mutations in the genes gyrA and parC encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

Disease Class: Respiratory trac infection [1]

• Resistant Disease: Respiratory trac infection [ICD-11: CA45.0]
• Resistant Drug: Enoxacin
• Molecule Alteration: Missense mutation; p.S83R
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213; 1280
• In Vitro Model: Staphylococcus aureus isolates; 1280
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Broth microdilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: Quinolone/fluoroquinolone resistance is most likely due to mutations in the genes gyrA and parC encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

References

• Ref 1: Topoisomerase mutations that are associated with high-level resistance to earlier fluoroquinolones in Staphylococcus aureus have less effect on the antibacterial activity of besifloxacin. Chemotherapy. 2011;57(5):363-71. doi: 10.1159/000330858. Epub 2011 Oct 12.