Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol00274)

• Name: Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (CCL2) ,Homo sapiens
• Synonyms: HC11; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor; MCAF; Monocyte chemotactic protein 1; MCP-1; Monocyte secretory protein JE; Small-inducible cytokine A2; MCP1; SCYA2
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: CCL2
• Gene ID: 6347
• Location: chr17:34255274-34257208[+]
• Sequence:
  MKVSAALLCLLLIAATFIPQGLAQPDAINAPVTCCYNFTNRKISVQRLASYRRITSSKCP
  KEAVIFKTIVAKEICADPKQKWVQDSMDHLDKQTQTPKT
• Function: Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2. Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions. Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils. May be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis.
• Uniprot ID: CCL2_HUMAN
• Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108691
• HGNC ID: HGNC:10618

Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  EADR: Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein

  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 2 drug(s) in total

Melatonin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR)

Disease Class: Autoimmune disease [1]

• Resistant Disease: Autoimmune disease [ICD-11: 4A4Z.0]
• Resistant Drug: Melatonin
• Molecule Alteration: Down-regulation; Expression
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Knockdown assay
• Mechanism Description: The conclusion on a partial mediation by SIRT1 is supported by repeatedly observed inhibitions of melatonin effects by sirtuin inhibitors or knockdown.

Vemurafenib

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Melanoma [2]

• Sensitive Disease: Melanoma [ICD-11: 2C30.0]
• Sensitive Drug: Vemurafenib
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell invasion; Inhibition; hsa05200
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell migration; Inhibition; hsa04670
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Inhibition; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: PLX4032-resistant cells; Skin; Homo sapiens (Human); N.A.
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: qRT-PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay
• Mechanism Description: CCL2 and miR-125b, miR-34a and miR-100 are potential targets for overcoming the miR-34a and miR-100 are potential targets for overcoming the resistance to BRAFi in melanoma.

Disease- and Tissue-specific Abundances of This Molecule

ICD Disease Classification 02

Melanoma [ICD-11: 2C30]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Skin
• The Specified Disease: Melanoma
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 6.07E-02; Fold-change: 8.17E-02; Z-score: 5.15E-02

ICD Disease Classification 04

Autoimmune disease [ICD-11: 4A4Z]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Peripheral monocyte
• The Specified Disease: Autoimmune uveitis
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 2.58E-01; Fold-change: 6.70E-01; Z-score: 9.01E-01

References

• Ref 1: Melatonin and inflammation-Story of a double-edged bladeJ Pineal Res. 2018 Nov;65(4):e12525. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12525. Epub 2018 Oct 12.
• Ref 2: Overcoming melanoma resistance to vemurafenib by targeting CCL2-induced miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b. Oncotarget. 2016 Jan 26;7(4):4428-41. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6599.