Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol00031)

• Name: Beclin-1 (BECN1) ,Homo sapiens
• Synonyms: Coiled-coil myosin-like BCL2-interacting protein; Protein GT197; GT197
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: BECN1
• Gene ID: 8678
• Location: chr17:42810134-42833350[-]
• Sequence:
  MEGSKTSNNSTMQVSFVCQRCSQPLKLDTSFKILDRVTIQELTAPLLTTAQAKPGETQEE
  ETNSGEEPFIETPRQDGVSRRFIPPARMMSTESANSFTLIGEASDGGTMENLSRRLKVTG
  DLFDIMSGQTDVDHPLCEECTDTLLDQLDTQLNVTENECQNYKRCLEILEQMNEDDSEQL
  QMELKELALEEERLIQELEDVEKNRKIVAENLEKVQAEAERLDQEEAQYQREYSEFKRQQ
  LELDDELKSVENQMRYAQTQLDKLKKTNVFNATFHIWHSGQFGTINNFRLGRLPSVPVEW
  NEINAAWGQTVLLLHALANKMGLKFQRYRLVPYGNHSYLESLTDKSKELPLYCSGGLRFF
  WDNKFDHAMVAFLDCVQQFKEEVEKGETRFCLPYRMDVEKGKIEDTGGSGGSYSIKTQFN
  SEEQWTKALKFMLTNLKWGLAWVSSQFYNK
• Function: Plays a central role in autophagy. Acts as core subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2. Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K complex forms. Involved in endocytosis. Protects against infection by a neurovirulent strain of Sindbis virus. May play a role in antiviral host defense.
• Uniprot ID: BECN1_HUMAN
• Ensembl ID: ENSG00000126581
• HGNC ID: HGNC:1034

Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  EADR: Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein

  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 7 drug(s) in total

Cisplatin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Endometrial cancer [1]

• Resistant Disease: Endometrial cancer [ICD-11: 2C76.1]
• Resistant Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell autophagy; Inhibition; hsa04140
• In Vitro Model: Ishikawa cells; Endometrium; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_2529
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Dual-color autophagy reporter assay; CCK8 assay; Flow cytometric analysis
• Mechanism Description: HOTAIR can regulate the cisplatin-resistance ability of human endometrial cancer cells through the regulation of autophagy by increasing Beclin-1, MDR, and P-gp expression.

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR)

Disease Class: Lung cancer [2]

• Sensitive Disease: Lung cancer [ICD-11: 2C25.5]
• Sensitive Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Inhibition; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: H1299 cells; Lung; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0060
• In Vivo Model: BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay
• Mechanism Description: The effect of miR-30d on cisplatin sensitivity is mediated through the beclin 1-regulated autophagy.

Disease Class: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma [2]

• Sensitive Disease: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma [ICD-11: 2D10.3]
• Sensitive Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Inhibition; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: 8305C cells; Thyroid; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_1053
• In Vitro Model: SW1736 cells; Thyroid; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_3883
• In Vivo Model: BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay
• Mechanism Description: The effect of miR-30d on cisplatin sensitivity is mediated through the beclin 1-regulated autophagy.

Disease Class: Hepatocellular carcinoma [3]

• Sensitive Disease: Hepatocellular carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C12.2]
• Sensitive Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• In Vitro Model: HepS cells; Liver; Homo sapiens (Human); N.A.
• In Vivo Model: BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Flow cytometry assay
• Mechanism Description: miR-30a can sensitize tumor cells to cis-DDP via reducing beclin 1-mediated autophagy.

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Lung small cell carcinoma [4]

• Sensitive Disease: Lung small cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C25.2]
• Sensitive Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• In Vitro Model: H446 cells; Lung; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_1562
• In Vitro Model: Letp cells; Lung; Homo sapiens (Human); N.A.
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Luciferase reporter assay; Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay; WB assay; Colony formation assay; Fow cytometric analysis
• Mechanism Description: Beclin-1-dependent autophagy in SCLC was directly regulated by miR30a-5p. miR30a-5p contributed to chemoresistance of SCLC cells partially in an Beclin-1-dependent manneRNA.

Disease Class: Endometrial cancer [1]

• Sensitive Disease: Endometrial cancer [ICD-11: 2C76.1]
• Sensitive Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell autophagy; Activation; hsa04140
• In Vitro Model: Ishikawa cells; Endometrium; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_2529
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Dual-color autophagy reporter assay; CCK8 assay; Flow cytometric analysis
• Mechanism Description: HOTAIR can regulate the cisplatin-resistance ability of human endometrial cancer cells through the regulation of autophagy by increasing Beclin-1, MDR, and P-gp expression.

Disease Class: Osteosarcoma [5]

• Sensitive Disease: Osteosarcoma [ICD-11: 2B51.0]
• Sensitive Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• In Vitro Model: MG63 cells; Bone marrow; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0426
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay
• Mechanism Description: miR199a-5p directly targeted Beclin1 and negatively mediated Beclin1 expression at a post-transcriptional level, microRNA-199a-5p inhibits cisplatin-induced drug resistance via inhibition of autophagy in osteosarcoma cells.

Disease Class: Oral squamous cell carcinoma [6]

• Sensitive Disease: Oral squamous cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2B6E.0]
• Sensitive Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell autophagy; Inhibition; hsa04140
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell invasion; Inhibition; hsa05200
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell migration; Inhibition; hsa04670
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Inhibition; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: CAL-27 cells; Tongue; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_1107
• In Vitro Model: KB cells; Gastric; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0372
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: CCK8 assay
• Mechanism Description: After HOTAIR silence, autophagy was inhibited with the downregulated expression of MAP1LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B), beclin1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG) 3 and ATG7. The expressions of mTOR increased, which promoted the sensitivity to cisplatin.

Disease Class: Glioma [2]

• Sensitive Disease: Glioma [ICD-11: 2A00.1]
• Sensitive Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Inhibition; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: T98G cells; Brain; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0556
• In Vivo Model: BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay
• Mechanism Description: The effect of miR-30d on cisplatin sensitivity is mediated through the beclin 1-regulated autophagy.

Disease Class: Breast cancer [2]

• Sensitive Disease: Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60.3]
• Sensitive Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Inhibition; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: MDA-MB-468 cells; Breast; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0419
• In Vivo Model: BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay
• Mechanism Description: The effect of miR-30d on cisplatin sensitivity is mediated through the beclin 1-regulated autophagy.

Disease Class: Breast cancer [3]

• Sensitive Disease: Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60.3]
• Sensitive Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• In Vitro Model: MCF-7 cells; Breast; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0031
• In Vivo Model: BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Flow cytometry assay
• Mechanism Description: miR-30a can sensitize tumor cells to cis-DDP via reducing beclin 1-mediated autophagy.

Disease Class: Cervical cancer [3]

• Sensitive Disease: Cervical cancer [ICD-11: 2C77.0]
• Sensitive Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• In Vitro Model: Hela cells; Cervix uteri; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0030
• In Vivo Model: BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Flow cytometry assay
• Mechanism Description: miR-30a can sensitize tumor cells to cis-DDP via reducing beclin 1-mediated autophagy.

Disease Class: Hepatocellular carcinoma [3]

• Sensitive Disease: Hepatocellular carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C12.2]
• Sensitive Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• In Vitro Model: HepG2 cells; Liver; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0027
• In Vivo Model: BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Flow cytometry assay
• Mechanism Description: miR-30a can sensitize tumor cells to cis-DDP via reducing beclin 1-mediated autophagy.

Doxorubicin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Osteosarcoma [7]

• Resistant Disease: Osteosarcoma [ICD-11: 2B51.0]
• Resistant Drug: Doxorubicin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Inhibition; hsa04210
• In Vitro Model: MG63 cells; Bone marrow; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0426
• In Vivo Model: Nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: CCK8 assay
• Mechanism Description: Down-regulation of miR-30a contributed to chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cells through regulating autophagy. Furthermore, to investigate the mechanism of miR-130a in regulating autophagy, bioinformatics analysis was performed. The results showed that the 3'-UTR region of Beclin-1 were the binding sites for miR-30a. Consistently, previous studies demonstrated that Beclin-1 was the directly target of miR-30a.

Etoposide

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Lung small cell carcinoma [4]

• Sensitive Disease: Lung small cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C25.2]
• Sensitive Drug: Etoposide
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• In Vitro Model: H446 cells; Lung; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_1562
• In Vitro Model: Letp cells; Lung; Homo sapiens (Human); N.A.
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Luciferase reporter assay; Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay; WB assay; Colony formation assay; Fow cytometric analysis
• Mechanism Description: Beclin-1-dependent autophagy in SCLC was directly regulated by miR30a-5p. miR30a-5p contributed to chemoresistance of SCLC cells partially in an Beclin-1-dependent manneRNA.

Imatinib

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Chronic myeloid leukemia [8]

• Sensitive Disease: Chronic myeloid leukemia [ICD-11: 2A20.0]
• Sensitive Drug: Imatinib
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Mitochondrial signaling pathway; Activation; hsa04217
• In Vitro Model: K562 cells; Blood; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0004
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Flow cytometry assay
• Mechanism Description: miR-30a mimic or knockdown of autophagy genes (ATGs) such as Beclin 1 and ATG5 by short hairpin RNA enhances imatinib-induced cytotoxicity and promotes mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of miR-30a by antagomiR-30a increases the expression of Beclin 1 and ATG5, and inhibits imatinib-induced cytotoxicity.

Oxaliplatin

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Colon cancer [9]

• Sensitive Disease: Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90.1]
• Sensitive Drug: Oxaliplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Inhibition; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: SW480 cells; Colon; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0546
• In Vitro Model: FHC cells; Colon; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_3688
• In Vitro Model: DLD1 cells; Colon; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0248
• In Vitro Model: HCT116 cells; Colon; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0291
• In Vitro Model: LOVO cells; Colon; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0399
• In Vitro Model: RkO cells; Colon; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0504
• In Vitro Model: HT-29 cells; Colon; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0320
• In Vitro Model: CCD-18Co cells; Colon; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_2379
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay
• Mechanism Description: The overexpression of miR 409-3p inhibited Beclin-1 expression and autophagic activity by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of Beclin-1 mRNA. In addition, the overexpression of miR 409-3p (+) the chemosensitivity of the oxaliplatin-sensitive and oxaliplatin-resistant colon cancer cells. The restoration of Beclin-1 abrogated these effects of miR 409-3p. In a xenograft model using nude mice, we examined the effects of miR 409-3p on tumor growth during chemotherapy. miR 409-3p overexpression sensitized the tumor to chemotherapy, while inhibiting chemotherapy-induced autophagy in a manner dependent on Beclin-1.

Paclitaxel

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Lung cancer [10]

• Resistant Disease: Lung cancer [ICD-11: 2C25.5]
• Resistant Drug: Paclitaxel
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Inhibition; hsa04210
• In Vitro Model: A549 cells; Lung; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0023
• In Vivo Model: Nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay; Trypan blue exclusion assay; Flow cytometry assay
• Mechanism Description: Overexpression of miR-17-5p sensitized paclitaxel resistant lung cancer cells to paclitaxel induced apoptotic cell death. miR-17-5p directly binds to the 3'-UTR of beclin 1 gene, one of the most important autophagy modulator. Overexpression of miR-17-5p into paclitaxel resistant lung cancer cells reduced beclin1 expression and a concordant decease in cellular autophagy. Paclitaxel resistance of lung cancer is associated with downregulation of miR-17-5p expression which might cause upregulation of BECN1 expression.

Vemurafenib

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR)

Disease Class: Melanoma [11]

• Sensitive Disease: Melanoma [ICD-11: 2C30.0]
• Sensitive Drug: Vemurafenib
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell autophagy; Inhibition; hsa04140
• In Vitro Model: A375 cells; Skin; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0132
• In Vitro Model: A375-R cells; Skin; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_6234
• In Vitro Model: G-361 cells; Skin; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_1220
• In Vitro Model: G361/R cells; Skin; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_IW13
• In Vitro Model: MeWo cells; Skin; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0445
• In Vivo Model: Nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: RT-PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay; Flow cytometric analysis
• Mechanism Description: miR216b enhances the efficacy of vemurafenib by targeting Beclin-1, UVRAG and ATG5 in melanoma. miR216b suppresses autophagy in both BRAFi-sensitive and -resistant melanoma cells.

Disease- and Tissue-specific Abundances of This Molecule

ICD Disease Classification 02

Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Nervous tissue
• The Specified Disease: Brain cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 1.04E-02; Fold-change: -1.30E-01; Z-score: -2.88E-01
• The Studied Tissue: Brainstem tissue
• The Specified Disease: Glioma
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 6.19E-01; Fold-change: -6.80E-02; Z-score: -1.35E+00
• The Studied Tissue: White matter
• The Specified Disease: Glioma
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 6.29E-03; Fold-change: 6.67E-01; Z-score: 1.50E+00
• The Studied Tissue: Brainstem tissue
• The Specified Disease: Neuroectodermal tumor
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 4.35E-04; Fold-change: 8.43E-01; Z-score: 1.84E+00

Chronic myeloid leukemia [ICD-11: 2A20]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Whole blood
• The Specified Disease: Myelofibrosis
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 1.71E-03; Fold-change: -5.98E-01; Z-score: -4.03E+00
• The Studied Tissue: Whole blood
• The Specified Disease: Polycythemia vera
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 2.28E-31; Fold-change: -6.31E-01; Z-score: -4.05E+00

Oral squamous cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2B6E]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Oral tissue
• The Specified Disease: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 7.34E-02; Fold-change: 3.11E-01; Z-score: 7.30E-01
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 6.40E-01; Fold-change: -7.04E-03; Z-score: -1.25E-02

Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Colon
• The Specified Disease: Colon cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 6.40E-38; Fold-change: -4.15E-01; Z-score: -1.48E+00
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 2.61E-01; Fold-change: -1.04E-01; Z-score: -2.17E-01

Liver cancer [ICD-11: 2C12]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Liver
• The Specified Disease: Liver cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 8.57E-03; Fold-change: 2.28E-01; Z-score: 5.02E-01
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 4.13E-19; Fold-change: 3.29E-01; Z-score: 8.32E-01
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Other Disease Section: p-value: 1.88E-01; Fold-change: 3.02E-01; Z-score: 8.55E-01

Lung cancer [ICD-11: 2C25]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Lung
• The Specified Disease: Lung cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 1.69E-15; Fold-change: 2.19E-01; Z-score: 6.69E-01
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 1.20E-16; Fold-change: 3.39E-01; Z-score: 9.30E-01

Melanoma [ICD-11: 2C30]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Skin
• The Specified Disease: Melanoma
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 1.58E-02; Fold-change: 7.21E-01; Z-score: 7.92E-01

Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Breast tissue
• The Specified Disease: Breast cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 1.02E-05; Fold-change: 8.00E-02; Z-score: 2.25E-01
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 2.77E-02; Fold-change: 1.46E-01; Z-score: 2.82E-01

Cervical cancer [ICD-11: 2C77]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Cervix uteri
• The Specified Disease: Cervical cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 1.51E-01; Fold-change: 5.38E-02; Z-score: 1.45E-01

Thyroid cancer [ICD-11: 2D10]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Thyroid
• The Specified Disease: Thyroid cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 2.95E-12; Fold-change: 2.23E-01; Z-score: 8.94E-01
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 1.50E-06; Fold-change: 2.47E-01; Z-score: 8.94E-01

References

• Ref 1: Autophagy regulated by lncRNA HOTAIR contributes to the cisplatin-induced resistance in endometrial cancer cells. Biotechnol Lett. 2017 Oct;39(10):1477-1484. doi: 10.1007/s10529-017-2392-4. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
• Ref 2: Regulation of autophagy by miR-30d impacts sensitivity of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma to cisplatin. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014 Feb 15;87(4):562-70. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.12.004. Epub 2013 Dec 15.
• Ref 3: MicroRNA-30a sensitizes tumor cells to cis-platinum via suppressing beclin 1-mediated autophagy. J Biol Chem. 2012 Feb 3;287(6):4148-56. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.307405. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
• Ref 4: Intensified Beclin-1 Mediated by Low Expression of Mir-30a-5p Promotes Chemoresistance in Human Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2017;43(3):1126-1139. doi: 10.1159/000481754. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
• Ref 5: MicroRNA-199a-5p inhibits cisplatin-induced drug resistance via inhibition of autophagy in osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Lett. 2016 Nov;12(5):4203-4208. doi: 10.3892/ol.2016.5172. Epub 2016 Sep 22.
• Ref 6: RNA interference of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR suppresses autophagy and promotes apoptosis and sensitivity to cisplatin in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2018 Nov;47(10):930-937. doi: 10.1111/jop.12769. Epub 2018 Aug 27.
• Ref 7: MicroRNA-30a downregulation contributes to chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cells through activating Beclin-1-mediated autophagy. Oncol Rep. 2016 Mar;35(3):1757-63. doi: 10.3892/or.2015.4497. Epub 2015 Dec 18.
• Ref 8: Targeting microRNA-30a-mediated autophagy enhances imatinib activity against human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Leukemia. 2012 Aug;26(8):1752-60. doi: 10.1038/leu.2012.65. Epub 2012 Mar 7.
• Ref 9: miR-409-3p sensitizes colon cancer cells to oxaliplatin by inhibiting Beclin-1-mediated autophagy. Int J Mol Med. 2016 Apr;37(4):1030-8. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2492. Epub 2016 Feb 18.
• Ref 10: miR-17-5p downregulation contributes to paclitaxel resistance of lung cancer cells through altering beclin1 expression. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 22;9(4):e95716. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095716. eCollection 2014.
• Ref 11: miR-216b enhances the efficacy of vemurafenib by targeting Beclin-1, UVRAG and ATG5 in melanoma. Cell Signal. 2018 Jan;42:30-43. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.024. Epub 2017 Oct 2.