Drug Information

Drug (ID: DG00487) and It's Reported Resistant Information

• Name: Fluoroquinolones
• Drug Resistance Disease(s):
  Disease(s) with Clinically Reported Resistance for This Drug (4 diseases)
  Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]; [1]
  Campylobacteriosis [ICD-11: 1C40]; [2]
  COVID-19 [ICD-11: 1D92]; [3]
  Helicobacter pylori infection [ICD-11: DA60]; [4]

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Drug

  IDUE: Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Diseases

ICD-01: Infectious/parasitic diseases

Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE)

Key Molecule: Fluoroquinolone efflux MFS transporter QepA1 (QEPA1) [5]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli C316; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: DNA sequencing and alignment assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Agar dilution method assay
• Mechanism Description: QepA is a new quinolone efflux pump protein responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance.

Key Molecule: Multidrug resistance protein PmpM (PMPM) [1]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Escherichia coli kAM32/pSTV28; 562
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR amplification and DNA sequence assay
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MIC assay
• Mechanism Description: PmpM is a multi drug efflux pump coupled with hydrogen ions, which reduces the intracellular drug concentration and produces drug resistance.

References

• Ref 1: An H(+)-coupled multidrug efflux pump, PmpM, a member of the MATE family of transporters, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol. 2004 Jan;186(1):262-5. doi: 10.1128/JB.186.1.262-265.2004.
• Ref 2: [Overview of resistance mechanisms in Campylobacter]Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2018 Oct 6;52(10):1072-1077. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.10.021.
• Ref 3: Antibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7 Nature. 2021 May;593(7857):130-135. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03398-2. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
• Ref 4: Helicobacter pylori infection and antibiotic resistance - from biology to clinical implicationsNat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Sep;18(9):613-629. doi: 10.1038/s41575-021-00449-x. Epub 2021 May 17.
• Ref 5: New plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump, QepA, found in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Sep;51(9):3354-60. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00339-07. Epub 2007 Jun 4.