Disease Information

General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00356)

• Name: Edema
• ICD: ICD-11: MG29

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease

  ADTT: Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Triamterene

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: Epithelial sodium channel (ENAC) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Congestive heart failure [ICD-11: BD10.1]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Resistant Drug: Triamterene
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Mechanism Description: In addition to pharmacokinetic effects, compensatory upregulation of sodium transporters not blocked by the diuretic also contributes to diuretic resistance. In patients with CKD, plasma aldosterone levels may be elevated even in the presence of normal plasma renin activity and normal serum potassium concentrations. Elevated plasma levels of both angiotensin II and aldosterone can activate sodium transporters in the distal nephron, including the Na+/Cl cotransporter and ENaC.

Key Molecule: Epithelial sodium channel (ENAC) [1]

• Resistant Disease: Human immunodeficiency virus infection [ICD-11: 1C62.0]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Resistant Drug: Triamterene
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Mechanism Description: In addition to pharmacokinetic effects, compensatory upregulation of sodium transporters not blocked by the diuretic also contributes to diuretic resistance. In patients with CKD, plasma aldosterone levels may be elevated even in the presence of normal plasma renin activity and normal serum potassium concentrations. Elevated plasma levels of both angiotensin II and aldosterone can activate sodium transporters in the distal nephron, including the Na+/Cl cotransporter and ENaC.

References

• Ref 1: Diuretic Resistance .Am J Kidney Dis. 2017 Jan;69(1):136-142. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.08.027. Epub 2016 Nov 1. 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.08.027