Disease Information

General Information of the Disease (ID: DIS00143)

• Name: COVID-19
• ICD: ICD-11: 1D92

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Disease

  ADTT: Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target

  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 2 drug(s) in total

6-N-ethyl-netilmicin

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Key Molecule: Signal transducer activator transcription 3 (STAT3) [1]

• Sensitive Disease: Corona Virus Disease 2019 [ICD-11: 1D92.0]
• Molecule Alteration: Phosphorylation; Down-regulation
• Sensitive Drug: 6-N-ethyl-netilmicin
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• In Vitro Model: Immune cells; Blood; Homo sapiens (Human); N.A.
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Flow cytometry
• Mechanism Description: Baricitinib is a selective Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 inhibitor with a known anti-inflammatory profile in patients with autoimmune diseases.Baricitinib was also shown to reduce multiple cytokines and biomarkers implicated in COVID-19 pathophysiology.

MPA

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) [2]

• Sensitive Disease: Corona Virus Disease 2019 [ICD-11: 1D92.0]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Sensitive Drug: MPA
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Mechanism Description: SARS coronaviruses have been shown to trigger the inflammasome and the release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).Canakinumab is an IL-1beta antibody that neutralises the activity of IL-1beta.

Clinical Trial Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Pristinamycin I

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Aberration of the Drug's Therapeutic Target (ADTT)

Key Molecule: Interleukin-1alpha (IL1A) [3]

• Sensitive Disease: Corona Virus Disease 2019 [ICD-11: 1D92.0]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Sensitive Drug: Pristinamycin I
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Mechanism Description: Anakinra, a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, might help to neutralise the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related hyperinflammatory state, which is considered to be one cause of acute respiratory distress among patients with COVID-19.

Key Molecule: Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) [3]

• Sensitive Disease: Corona Virus Disease 2019 [ICD-11: 1D92.0]
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Sensitive Drug: Pristinamycin I
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Mechanism Description: Anakinra, a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, might help to neutralise the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related hyperinflammatory state, which is considered to be one cause of acute respiratory distress among patients with COVID-19.

References

• Ref 1: Baricitinib restrains the immune dysregulation in patients with severe COVID-19 J Clin Invest. 2020 Dec 1;130(12):6409-6416. doi: 10.1172/JCI141772.
• Ref 2: Canakinumab as treatment for COVID-19-related pneumonia: A prospective case-control study Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Mar;104:433-440. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.073. Epub 2020 Dec 29.
• Ref 3: Anakinra for severe forms of COVID-19: a cohort study Lancet Rheumatol. 2020 Jul;2(7):e393-e400. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30164-8. Epub 2020 May 29.