Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol02010)

• Name: Multidrug resistance regulator 1 (MRR1) ,Candida albicans
• Synonyms: MRR1; HAP1; CAALFM_C305920WA; CaO19.7372
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: MRR1
• Gene ID: 3641741
• Sequence:
  MSIATTPIETPKSPKSTEPQVRKRKKVSTVCTNCRKRKIRCDRQHPCNNCIKSKKHNACV
  YDDGQVSPANFSTNGSSHGNTVPESRPYEESARIPIRFDAEAPRKKSKPNTPNNERKNSK
  KSPDNTVANNQQTASENEVTITLSELNMLKQRLQNIEANINAQSNPQSNPSYVPQTPAYP
  TQPNILPPPVSFNSWSPKQSNERVMFSPQQRLTTNYNVSHTRGQSPSIQLPPLSFKDTPR
  ASIDSAPLYSEMSPPRSDLIASSLTSPESIQMSVSGDVVGVNPYLNETETINFYDGYTSI
  CVRDFRRVNHGPFAWSSLMRKDKALSSLWNHILKKKEKKNVASQTFVFGQDVHEISQENT
  QLVASESNESETKFKKKTLETFGFNDVVPYDILKKKLQTQINKTTSPLGLTLYEEQVNME
  LQLVDRIHQQLPKKKVLWKLIDRFFSLLYPFMPFLDEIDFRESVTKIIGETEYKDEKIKE
  LKVEKRLDLAVIGVLLIILRMSYLSLFCNKESVNEMRLKTTDPSPEAQDMKYLLQNPIGI
  SLIDSAQNCLQYFDIFRKTSMPVLQCAYFLQLYHIFAPEDGDDGDGADTYALNSMVVRMA
  YSMGLNREPDNFKDVLNDKRQNHLGRKIWHFLVIGDVHNSYAFGTPKLIGDDFYDTKVPF
  IEEGNENLIDKSLDQYVTKSVFPGYFSIYNSVDQILKLILSVSRRSKVSEICKILNQFEI
  GIAEQYGTLSDCLKPKENLIHIFARNMPVKMYISLKSFLVSVYFHLFLYYEHKNDSLSFF
  YLRKILKTGAGDIMPHYFELLGNSEVVCDMVINPKLIQIIHKANQINIALIIRVNMSIYR
  MKNSQHHAENCKKDDFYYSYYKELCKFSSCLTRCAEVGIAAVSKLSTRYYYAWKITKGHN
  FLLKTITSMEFYEKESTNAQEITLPKYKLEQIADLENICEVALNKLGKTSVMGDEFCSNV
  NYKKYKGDQTYSTSSESSSTPNKDSPLDSRKYTNDFGLDLVNNQEIDKIWLQMLSLKSEE
  AQQQRQQESQPFTSSQSQSQSPLTSANQGYMPRPESRRGSYYGNTPFALENLNFDGFGGQ
  SKSSNNGEADLSSFDFFVDLPFDQLFTN
• Function: Transcription factor that acts as the central regulator of the MDR1 efflux pump. Other target genes include those encoding oxidoreductases, whose up-regulation in fluconazole-resistant isolates may help to prevent cell damage resulting from the generation of toxic molecules in the presence of fluconazole and thereby contribute to drug resistance.
• Uniprot ID: MRR1_CANAL

Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Ascomycota
Class: Saccharomycetes
Order: Saccharomycetales
Family: Debaryomycetaceae
Genus: Candida
Species: Candida albicans

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  IDUE: Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Fluconazole

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Irregularity in Drug Uptake and Drug Efflux (IDUE)

Disease Class: Recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis [1]

• Resistant Disease: Recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis [ICD-11: 1F23.6]
• Resistant Drug: Fluconazole
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Candida albicans strain; 5476
• Mechanism Description: Although 95 MF transporters are encoded in the C. albicans genome, fluconazole resistance has only been linked to Mdr1 (multidrug resistance 1). Expression of this MF pump is regulated by the transcription factor, Mrr1 (multidrug resistance regulator 1), such that deletion of MRR1 abolishes MDR1 expression and increases susceptibility to fluconazole, whereas activating point mutations in MRR1 increase azole resistance.

References

• Ref 1: Antifungal Drug Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms in Candida albicans and Beyond .Chem Rev. 2021 Mar 24;121(6):3390-3411. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00199. Epub 2020 May 22. 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00199