Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol01957)

• Name: Natriuretic peptides A (ANF) ,Rattus norvegicus
• Synonyms: Nppa
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: ANF
• Gene ID: 24602
• Location: 5:158,429,042-158,430,351[+]
• Sequence:
  MGSFSITKGFFLFLAFWLPGHIGANPVYSAVSNTDLMDFKNLLDHLEEKMPVEDEVMPPQ
  ALSEQTDEAGAALSSLSEVPPWTGEVNPSQRDGGALGRGPWDPSDRSALLKSKLRALLAG
  PRSLRRSSCFGGRIDRIGAQSGLGCNSFRYRR
• Function: [Atrial natriuretic peptide]: Hormone that plays a key role in mediating cardio-renal homeostasis, and is involved in vascular remodeling and regulating energy metabolism. Acts by specifically binding and stimulating NPR1 to produce cGMP, which in turn activates effector proteins, such as PRKG1, that drive various biological responses. Regulates vasodilation, natriuresis, diuresis and aldosterone synthesis and is therefore essential for regulating blood pressure, controlling the extracellular fluid volume and maintaining the fluid-electrolyte balance. Also involved in inhibiting cardiac remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and attenuating the growth of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Plays a role in female pregnancy by promoting trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in uterus, and thus prevents pregnancy-induced hypertension. In adipose tissue, acts in various cGMP- and PKG-dependent pathways to regulate lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. This includes up-regulating lipid metabolism and mitochondrial oxygen utilization by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and increasing energy expenditure by acting via MAPK11 to promote the UCP1-dependent thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue. Binds the clearance receptor NPR3 which removes the hormone from circulation.
• Uniprot ID: ANF_RAT
• Ensembl ID: ENSRNOG00000008176

Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: 9989
Family: Muridae
Genus: Rattus
Species: Rattus norvegicus

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Saralasin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Hypertension [1]

• Resistant Disease: Hypertension [ICD-11: BA00.Z]
• Resistant Drug: Saralasin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vivo Model: Two-kidney,one-clip hypertensive rat; Rattus norvegicus
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Pressure measurement
• Mechanism Description: Saralasin-resistant rats exhibited a decreased number of vascular ANF binding sites in both mesenteric arteries and aorta. We conclude that through modulation of its glomerular and vascular receptors, ANF may contribute to the differential sodium handling of saralasin-sensitive and -resistant 2K1C hypertensive rats and to the reduced vascular responsiveness to ANF observed in the saralasin-resistant hypertensive rats.

References

• Ref 1: Glomerular and vascular atrial natriuretic factor receptors in saralasin-sensitive and -resistant two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats .Circ Res. 1988 Sep;63(3):563-71. doi: 10.1161/01.res.63.3.563. 10.1161/01.res.63.3.563