Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol01041)

• Name: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) ,Rattus norvegicus
• Synonyms: PPAR-gamma; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3; Nr1c3
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: Pparg
• Gene ID: 25664
• Location: Primary_assembly 4: 148423194-148548468 [+]
• Sequence:
  MGETLGDPPVDPEHGAFADALPMSTSQEITMVDTEMPFWPTNFGISSVDLSVMDDHSHSF
  DIKPFTTVDFSSISAPHYEDIPFTRADPMVADYKYDLKLQEYQSAIKVEPASPPYYSEKT
  QLYNRPHEEPSNSLMAIECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLNC
  RIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQAEKEKLLAEISSDIDQLNPESADLR
  ALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSPFVIYDMNSLMMGEDKIKFKHITPLQE
  QSKEVAIRIFQGCQFRSVEAVQEITEYAKNIPGFINLDLNDQVTLLKYGVHEIIYTMLAS
  LMNKDGVLISEGQGFMTREFLKSLRKPFGDFMEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLAIFIAVII
  LSGDRPGLLNVKPIEDIQDNLLQALELQLKLNHPESSQLFAKVLQKMTDLRQIVTEHVQL
  LHVIKKTETDMSLHPLLQEIYKDLY
• Function: Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1 in the blood vessels.
• Uniprot ID: PPARG_RAT
• Ensembl ID: ENSRNOG00000008839

Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Muridae
Genus: Rattus
Species: Rattus norvegicus

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Metformin

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Type 2 diabetes mellitus [1]

• Sensitive Disease: Type 2 diabetes mellitus [ICD-11: 5A11.0]
• Sensitive Drug: Metformin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: OGTT assay
• Mechanism Description: The administration of chebulagic acid significantly reduced blood glucose by increasing insulin secretion. Further,chebulagic acid treatment increased the protein expression PPAR-Gamma and GLUT4 on insulin target tissues which indicates that chebulagic acid improved insulin sensitivity. PPAR-Gamma is a type of ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that is associated with fat differentiation, obesity, and insulin resistance. The ability of insulin to reduce blood glucose levels results from the suppression of hepatic glucose production and increased glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue via GLUT4.

References

• Ref 1: Chebulagic acid attenuates HFD/streptozotocin induced impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance via up regulations of PPAR Gamma and GLUT 4 in type 2 diabetic rats. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2022 Mar;32(3):159-170. doi: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1976333. Epub 2021 Sep 22.