Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol00399)

• Name: Glutathione reductase (GSR) ,Homo sapiens
• Synonyms: GR; GRase; GLUR; GRD1
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: GSR
• Gene ID: 2936
• Location: chr8:30678066-30727846[-]
• Sequence:
  MALLPRALSAGAGPSWRRAARAFRGFLLLLPEPAALTRALSRAMACRQEPQPQGPPPAAG
  AVASYDYLVIGGGSGGLASARRAAELGARAAVVESHKLGGTCVNVGCVPKKVMWNTAVHS
  EFMHDHADYGFPSCEGKFNWRVIKEKRDAYVSRLNAIYQNNLTKSHIEIIRGHAAFTSDP
  KPTIEVSGKKYTAPHILIATGGMPSTPHESQIPGASLGITSDGFFQLEELPGRSVIVGAG
  YIAVEMAGILSALGSKTSLMIRHDKVLRSFDSMISTNCTEELENAGVEVLKFSQVKEVKK
  TLSGLEVSMVTAVPGRLPVMTMIPDVDCLLWAIGRVPNTKDLSLNKLGIQTDDKGHIIVD
  EFQNTNVKGIYAVGDVCGKALLTPVAIAAGRKLAHRLFEYKEDSKLDYNNIPTVVFSHPP
  IGTVGLTEDEAIHKYGIENVKTYSTSFTPMYHAVTKRKTKCVMKMVCANKEEKVVGIHMQ
  GLGCDEMLQGFAVAVKMGATKADFDNTVAIHPTSSEELVTLR
• Function: Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol.
• Uniprot ID: GSHR_HUMAN
• Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104687
• HGNC ID: HGNC:4623

Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 1 drug(s) in total

Cisplatin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Ovarian cancer [1]

• Resistant Disease: Ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2C73.0]
• Resistant Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Activation; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: A2780-DR cells; Ovary; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_EG64
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Clonogenic assay
• Mechanism Description: The Essential Role of H19 Contributing to Cisplatin Resistance by Regulating Glutathione Metabolism in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer.Additionally, we verified that different H19 expression levels in HGSC tissues showed strong correlation with cancer recurrence. H19 knockdown in A2780-DR cells resulted in recovery of cisplatin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Quantitative proteomics analysis indicated that six NRF2-targeted proteins, including NQO1, GSR, G6PD, GCLC, GCLM and GSTP1 involved in the glutathione metabolism pathway, were reduced in H19-knockdown cells. Furthermore, H19-knockdown cells were markedly more sensitive to hydrogen-peroxide treatment and exhibited lower glutathione levels. Our results reveal a previously unknown link between H19 and glutathione metabolism in the regulation of cancer-drug resistance.

Disease- and Tissue-specific Abundances of This Molecule

ICD Disease Classification 02

Ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2C73]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Ovary
• The Specified Disease: Ovarian cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 5.18E-01; Fold-change: -3.02E-01; Z-score: -6.63E-01
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 1.61E-01; Fold-change: -3.78E-01; Z-score: -5.41E-01

References

• Ref 1: The Essential Role of H19 Contributing to Cisplatin Resistance by Regulating Glutathione Metabolism in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Sci Rep. 2016 May 19;6:26093. doi: 10.1038/srep26093.