Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol00385)

• Name: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GAPDH) ,Homo sapiens
• Synonyms: GAPDH; Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase GAPDH; GAPD; CDABP0047; OK/SW-cl.12
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: GAPDH
• Gene ID: 2597
• Location: chr12:6534512-6538374[+]
• Sequence:
  MGKVKVGVNGFGRIGRLVTRAAFNSGKVDIVAINDPFIDLNYMVYMFQYDSTHGKFHGTV
  KAENGKLVINGNPITIFQERDPSKIKWGDAGAEYVVESTGVFTTMEKAGAHLQGGAKRVI
  ISAPSADAPMFVMGVNHEKYDNSLKIISNASCTTNCLAPLAKVIHDNFGIVEGLMTTVHA
  ITATQKTVDGPSGKLWRDGRGALQNIIPASTGAAKAVGKVIPELNGKLTGMAFRVPTANV
  SVVDLTCRLEKPAKYDDIKKVVKQASEGPLKGILGYTEHQVVSSDFNSDTHSSTFDAGAG
  IALNDHFVKLISWYDNEFGYSNRVVDLMAHMASKE
• Function: Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubules. Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes. Upon interferon-gamma treatment assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation. Also plays a role in innate immunity by promoting TNF-induced NF-kappa-B activation and type I interferon production, via interaction with TRAF2 and TRAF3, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC.
• Uniprot ID: G3P_HUMAN
• Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111640
• HGNC ID: HGNC:4141

Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  EADR: Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein

  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 2 drug(s) in total

Methotrexate

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Liver cancer [1]

• Sensitive Disease: Liver cancer [ICD-11: 2C12.6]
• Sensitive Drug: Methotrexate
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Inhibition; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: HepG2 cells; Liver; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0027
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay
• Mechanism Description: Curcumin mediated the amputation of chemoresistance by repressing the hyperglycolytic behavior of malignant cells via modulated expression of metabolic enzymes (HkII, PFk1, GAPDH, PkM2, LDH, SDH, IDH, and FASN), transporters (GLUT-1, MCT-1, and MCT-4), and their regulators. Along altered constitution of extracellular milieu, these molecular changes culminated into improved drug accumulation, chromatin condensation, and induction of cell death.

Sulforaphane

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Epigenetic Alteration of DNA, RNA or Protein (EADR)

Disease Class: Prostate cancer [2]

• Resistant Disease: Prostate cancer [ICD-11: 2C82.0]
• Resistant Drug: Sulforaphane
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Activation; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: LNCaP cells; Prostate; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0395
• In Vitro Model: PC3 cells; Prostate; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0035
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: qPCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Cell proliferation assay
• Mechanism Description: Knockdown of LINC01116 with siRNA decreased proliferation of prostate cancer cells, and significantly upregulated several genes including GAPDH (regulates glycolysis), MAP1LC3B2 (autophagy) and H2AFY (chromatin structure) and LncRNA LINC01116 is upregulated in a human prostate cancer cell line, is decreased by SFN treatment, and promotes cell proliferation in a human cancer cell line.

Disease- and Tissue-specific Abundances of This Molecule

ICD Disease Classification 02

Liver cancer [ICD-11: 2C12]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Liver
• The Specified Disease: Liver cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 6.37E-07; Fold-change: 5.38E-01; Z-score: 1.01E+00
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 1.13E-29; Fold-change: 7.04E-01; Z-score: 8.35E-01
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Other Disease Section: p-value: 4.45E-02; Fold-change: 5.87E-01; Z-score: 2.07E+00

Prostate cancer [ICD-11: 2C82]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Prostate
• The Specified Disease: Prostate cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 2.35E-05; Fold-change: -4.02E-01; Z-score: -1.02E+00

References

• Ref 1: Counteracting Action of Curcumin on High Glucose-Induced Chemoresistance in Hepatic Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol. 2021 Oct 6;11:738961. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738961. eCollection 2021.
• Ref 2: Long noncoding RNAs and sulforaphane: a target for chemoprevention and suppression of prostate cancer. J Nutr Biochem. 2017 Apr;42:72-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.001. Epub 2017 Jan 12.