Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol00367)

• Name: Focal adhesion kinase 1 (FAK1) ,Homo sapiens
• Synonyms: FADK 1; Focal adhesion kinase-related nonkinase; FRNK; Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 71; PPP1R71; Protein-tyrosine kinase 2; p125FAK; pp125FAK; FAK; FAK1
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: PTK2
• Gene ID: 5747
• Location: chr8:140657900-141002216[-]
• Sequence:
  MAAAYLDPNLNHTPNSSTKTHLGTGMERSPGAMERVLKVFHYFESNSEPTTWASIIRHGD
  ATDVRGIIQKIVDSHKVKHVACYGFRLSHLRSEEVHWLHVDMGVSSVREKYELAHPPEEW
  KYELRIRYLPKGFLNQFTEDKPTLNFFYQQVKSDYMLEIADQVDQEIALKLGCLEIRRSY
  WEMRGNALEKKSNYEVLEKDVGLKRFFPKSLLDSVKAKTLRKLIQQTFRQFANLNREESI
  LKFFEILSPVYRFDKECFKCALGSSWIISVELAIGPEEGISYLTDKGCNPTHLADFTQVQ
  TIQYSNSEDKDRKGMLQLKIAGAPEPLTVTAPSLTIAENMADLIDGYCRLVNGTSQSFII
  RPQKEGERALPSIPKLANSEKQGMRTHAVSVSETDDYAEIIDEEDTYTMPSTRDYEIQRE
  RIELGRCIGEGQFGDVHQGIYMSPENPALAVAIKTCKNCTSDSVREKFLQEALTMRQFDH
  PHIVKLIGVITENPVWIIMELCTLGELRSFLQVRKYSLDLASLILYAYQLSTALAYLESK
  RFVHRDIAARNVLVSSNDCVKLGDFGLSRYMEDSTYYKASKGKLPIKWMAPESINFRRFT
  SASDVWMFGVCMWEILMHGVKPFQGVKNNDVIGRIENGERLPMPPNCPPTLYSLMTKCWA
  YDPSRRPRFTELKAQLSTILEEEKAQQEERMRMESRRQATVSWDSGGSDEAPPKPSRPGY
  PSPRSSEGFYPSPQHMVQTNHYQVSGYPGSHGITAMAGSIYPGQASLLDQTDSWNHRPQE
  IAMWQPNVEDSTVLDLRGIGQVLPTHLMEERLIRQQQEMEEDQRWLEKEERFLKPDVRLS
  RGSIDREDGSLQGPIGNQHIYQPVGKPDPAAPPKKPPRPGAPGHLGSLASLSSPADSYNE
  GVKLQPQEISPPPTANLDRSNDKVYENVTGLVKAVIEMSSKIQPAPPEEYVPMVKEVGLA
  LRTLLATVDETIPLLPASTHREIEMAQKLLNSDLGELINKMKLAQQYVMTSLQQEYKKQM
  LTAAHALAVDAKNLLDVIDQARLKMLGQTRPH
• Function: Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating cell migration, adhesion, spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation and disassembly of focal adhesions and cell protrusions, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Required for early embryonic development and placenta development. Required for embryonic angiogenesis, normal cardiomyocyte migration and proliferation, and normal heart development. Regulates axon growth and neuronal cell migration, axon branching and synapse formation; required for normal development of the nervous system. Plays a role in osteogenesis and differentiation of osteoblasts. Functions in integrin signal transduction, but also in signaling downstream of numerous growth factor receptors, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), EPHA2, netrin receptors and LDL receptors. Forms multisubunit signaling complexes with SRC and SRC family members upon activation; this leads to the phosphorylation of additional tyrosine residues, creating binding sites for scaffold proteins, effectors and substrates. Regulates numerous signaling pathways. Promotes activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the AKT1 signaling cascade. Promotes activation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling cascade. Promotes localized and transient activation of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and thereby modulates the activity of Rho family GTPases. Signaling via CAS family members mediates activation of RAC1. Recruits the ubiquitin ligase MDM2 to P53/TP53 in the nucleus, and thereby regulates P53/TP53 activity, P53/TP53 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylates SRC; this increases SRC kinase activity. Phosphorylates ACTN1, ARHGEF7, GRB7, RET and WASL. Promotes phosphorylation of PXN and STAT1; most likely PXN and STAT1 are phosphorylated by a SRC family kinase that is recruited to autophosphorylated PTK2/FAK1, rather than by PTK2/FAK1 itself. Promotes phosphorylation of BCAR1; GIT2 and SHC1; this requires both SRC and PTK2/FAK1. Promotes phosphorylation of BMX and PIK3R1. Isoform 6 (FRNK) does not contain a kinase domain and inhibits PTK2/FAK1 phosphorylation and signaling. Its enhanced expression can attenuate the nuclear accumulation of LPXN and limit its ability to enhance serum response factor (SRF)-dependent gene transcription.
• Uniprot ID: FAK1_HUMAN
• Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169398
• HGNC ID: HGNC:9611

Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 3 drug(s) in total

Doxorubicin

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Cervical cancer [1]

• Sensitive Disease: Cervical cancer [ICD-11: 2C77.0]
• Sensitive Drug: Doxorubicin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Inhibition; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: Hela cells; Cervix uteri; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0030
• In Vivo Model: Nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Promega viability kit assay
• Mechanism Description: Down-regulated of FAk increased sensitivity of HeLa cancer cells to Fluorouracil chemotherapy, targeting and down-regulation of FAk expression by miR-135 and miR-138, overexpressed miR-138 and miR-135 had increased sensitivity to chemotherapy.

Fluorouracil

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Cervical cancer [1]

• Sensitive Disease: Cervical cancer [ICD-11: 2C77.0]
• Sensitive Drug: Fluorouracil
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Inhibition; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: Hela cells; Cervix uteri; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0030
• In Vivo Model: Nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Promega viability kit assay
• Mechanism Description: Down-regulated of FAk increased sensitivity of HeLa cancer cells to Fluorouracil chemotherapy, targeting and down-regulation of FAk expression by miR-135 and miR-138, overexpressed miR-138 and miR-135 had increased sensitivity to chemotherapy.

Vincristine

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Gastric cancer [2]

• Sensitive Disease: Gastric cancer [ICD-11: 2B72.1]
• Sensitive Drug: Vincristine
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell invasion; Inhibition; hsa05200
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell migration; Inhibition; hsa04670
• In Vitro Model: GES-1 cells; Gastric; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_EQ22
• In Vitro Model: SGC7901/VCR cells; Gastric; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_VU58
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: qRT-PCR; Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Flow cytometry assay; Wound healing and transwell assay
• Mechanism Description: Overexpression of miR647 sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy in vivo by reducing the expression levels of ANk2, FAk, MMP2, MMP12, CD44 and SNAIL1.

Disease- and Tissue-specific Abundances of This Molecule

ICD Disease Classification 02

Gastric cancer [ICD-11: 2B72]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Gastric tissue
• The Specified Disease: Gastric cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 1.50E-01; Fold-change: -2.20E-01; Z-score: -1.18E+00
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 2.96E-01; Fold-change: 4.61E-02; Z-score: 1.46E-01

Cervical cancer [ICD-11: 2C77]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Cervix uteri
• The Specified Disease: Cervical cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 9.52E-04; Fold-change: 3.11E-01; Z-score: 1.08E+00

References

• Ref 1: MiR-138 and MiR-135 directly target focal adhesion kinase, inhibit cell invasion, and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy in cancer cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2014 Jan;14(1):18-28. doi: 10.2174/187152061401140108113435.
• Ref 2: Regulation of drug resistance and metastasis of gastric cancer cells via the microRNA647-ANK2 axis. Int J Mol Med. 2018 Apr;41(4):1958-1966. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3381. Epub 2018 Jan 11.