Molecule Information

General Information of the Molecule (ID: Mol00192)

• Name: Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) ,Homo sapiens
• Synonyms: VEGF-A; Vascular permeability factor; VPF; VEGF
• Molecule Type: Protein
• Gene Name: VEGFA
• Gene ID: 7422
• Location: chr6:43770184-43786487[+]
• Sequence:
  MNFLLSWVHWSLALLLYLHHAKWSQAAPMAEGGGQNHHEVVKFMDVYQRSYCHPIETLVD
  IFQEYPDEIEYIFKPSCVPLMRCGGCCNDEGLECVPTEESNITMQIMRIKPHQGQHIGEM
  SFLQHNKCECRPKKDRARQEKKSVRGKGKGQKRKRKKSRYKSWSVYVGARCCLMPWSLPG
  PHPCGPCSERRKHLFVQDPQTCKCSCKNTDSRCKARQLELNERTCRCDKPRR
• Function: Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth. Binding to NRP1 receptor initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron axon guidance and cell body migration, including for the caudal migration of facial motor neurons from rhombomere 4 to rhombomere 6 during embryonic development. Also binds the DEAR/FBXW7-AS1 receptor.
• Uniprot ID: VEGFA_HUMAN
• Ensembl ID: ENSG00000112715
• HGNC ID: HGNC:12680

Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Molecule

  RTDM: Regulation by the Disease Microenvironment

  UAPP: Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Drug

Approved Drug(s) 7 drug(s) in total

Cisplatin

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Gastric cancer [1]

• Resistant Disease: Gastric cancer [ICD-11: 2B72.1]
• Resistant Drug: Cisplatin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: PI3K/AKT/MRP0 signaling pathway; Activation; hsa04151
• In Vitro Model: BGC-823 cells; Gastric; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_3360
• In Vitro Model: SGC7901 cells; Gastric; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0520
• In Vitro Model: SGC-7901/DDP cells; Gastric; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0520
• In Vitro Model: BGC-823/DDP cells; Gastric; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_3360
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: CCK8 assay; Colony formation assay; Flow cytometric cell cycle assay; Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis assay
• Mechanism Description: HOTAIR was shown to directly bind to and inhibit miR126 expression and then to promote VEGFA and PIk3R2 expression and activate the PI3k/AkT/MRP1 pathway.

Cyclophosphamide

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Breast cancer [2]

• Sensitive Disease: Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60.3]
• Sensitive Drug: Cyclophosphamide
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• Cell Pathway Regulation: PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; Regulation; hsa04151
• In Vitro Model: MCF-7 cells; Breast; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0031
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay; Drug resistance clonogenic assay
• Mechanism Description: miR-205 enhances chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to TAC chemotherapy by suppressing both VEGFA and FGF2, leading to evasion of apoptosis.

Dabrafenib

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Regulation by the Disease Microenvironment (RTDM)

Disease Class: Melanoma [3]

• Resistant Disease: Melanoma [ICD-11: 2C30.0]
• Resistant Drug: Dabrafenib
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Inhibition; hsa04210
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell invasion; Activation; hsa05200
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell proliferation; Activation; hsa05200
• In Vitro Model: A375 cells; Skin; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0132
• In Vitro Model: Sk-Mel28 cells; Skin; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0526
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: qRT-PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay; Flow cytometry assay
• Mechanism Description: miR-126-3p down-regulation contributes to dabrafenib acquired resistance in melanoma by up-regulating ADAM9 and VEGF-A.

Docetaxel

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Breast cancer [2]

• Sensitive Disease: Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60.3]
• Sensitive Drug: Docetaxel
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• Cell Pathway Regulation: PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; Regulation; hsa04151
• In Vitro Model: MCF-7 cells; Breast; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0031
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay; Drug resistance clonogenic assay
• Mechanism Description: miR-205 enhances chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to TAC chemotherapy by suppressing both VEGFA and FGF2, leading to evasion of apoptosis.

Doxorubicin

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Breast cancer [2]

• Sensitive Disease: Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60.3]
• Sensitive Drug: Doxorubicin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: Cell apoptosis; Activation; hsa04210
• Cell Pathway Regulation: PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; Regulation; hsa04151
• In Vitro Model: MCF-7 cells; Breast; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0031
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blot analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay; Drug resistance clonogenic assay
• Mechanism Description: miR-205 enhances chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to TAC chemotherapy by suppressing both VEGFA and FGF2, leading to evasion of apoptosis.

Disease Class: Non-small cell lung cancer [4]

• Sensitive Disease: Non-small cell lung cancer [ICD-11: 2C25.Y]
• Sensitive Drug: Doxorubicin
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; Inhibition; hsa04151
• In Vitro Model: A549 cells; Lung; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0023
• In Vivo Model: BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay
• Mechanism Description: VEGF activates the downstream PI3k/Akt signaling pathway, which is a critical regulator of cellular growth, differentiation, and metabolism. miR-126 could overcome the resistance of NSCLC cells to antineoplastic drugs through inhibition of a VEGF-PI3k/Akt signaling pathway that resulted in the down-regulation of MRP1.

Vincristine

Drug Sensitivity Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Non-small cell lung cancer [4]

• Sensitive Disease: Non-small cell lung cancer [ICD-11: 2C25.Y]
• Sensitive Drug: Vincristine
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Down-regulation
• Experimental Note: Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; Inhibition; hsa04151
• In Vitro Model: A549 cells; Lung; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0023
• In Vivo Model: BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: MTT assay
• Mechanism Description: VEGF activates the downstream PI3k/Akt signaling pathway, which is a critical regulator of cellular growth, differentiation, and metabolism. miR-126 could overcome the resistance of NSCLC cells to antineoplastic drugs through inhibition of a VEGF-PI3k/Akt signaling pathway that resulted in the down-regulation of MRP1.

YN-968D1

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Unusual Activation of Pro-survival Pathway (UAPP)

Disease Class: Anaplastic thyroid cancer [5]

• Resistant Disease: Anaplastic thyroid cancer [ICD-11: 2D10.2]
• Resistant Drug: YN-968D1
• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Up-regulation
• Experimental Note: Identified from the Human Clinical Data
• Cell Pathway Regulation: VEGFA/VEGFR1 signaling pathway; Activation; hsa05205
• In Vitro Model: SkOV3 cells; Ovary; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0532
• In Vitro Model: H1975 cells; Lung; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_1511
• In Vitro Model: A2780 cells; Ovary; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0134
• In Vitro Model: U2OS cells; Bone; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0042
• In Vitro Model: HUT78 cells; Lymph; Homo sapiens (Human); CVCL_0337
• In Vitro Model: SH-1-V2 cells; Esophagus; Homo sapiens (Human); N.A.
• In Vivo Model: Nude mouse xenograft model; Mus musculus
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: Western blotting analysis
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: CCK-8 assay
• Mechanism Description: On VEGFR2 blockage by specific targeting agent, such as Apatinib, FOXK2 could rapidly trigger therapeutic resistance. Mechanical analyses revealed that VEGFA transcriptionally induced by FOXK2 could bind to VEGFR1 as a compensation for VEGFR2 blockage, which promoted angiogenesis by activating ERK, PI3K/AKT and P38/MAPK signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Synergic effect on anti-angiogenesis could be observed when VEGFR1 suppressor AF321 was included in VEGFR2 inhibition system, which clarified the pivot role of FOXK2 in VEGFR2 targeting therapy resistance.

Disease- and Tissue-specific Abundances of This Molecule

ICD Disease Classification 02

Gastric cancer [ICD-11: 2B72]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Gastric tissue
• The Specified Disease: Gastric cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 1.64E-01; Fold-change: -5.48E-01; Z-score: -1.45E+00
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 2.69E-01; Fold-change: 4.19E-02; Z-score: 1.14E-01

Lung cancer [ICD-11: 2C25]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Lung
• The Specified Disease: Lung cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 5.49E-01; Fold-change: 3.76E-02; Z-score: 6.25E-02
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 1.13E-02; Fold-change: -2.51E-01; Z-score: -3.08E-01

Melanoma [ICD-11: 2C30]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Skin
• The Specified Disease: Melanoma
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 3.08E-01; Fold-change: 1.11E-01; Z-score: 1.82E-01

Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Breast tissue
• The Specified Disease: Breast cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 6.44E-56; Fold-change: 6.58E-01; Z-score: 1.01E+00
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 1.24E-11; Fold-change: 5.13E-01; Z-score: 9.34E-01

Thyroid cancer [ICD-11: 2D10]

Differential expression of molecule in resistant diseases

• The Studied Tissue: Thyroid
• The Specified Disease: Thyroid cancer
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Healthy Individual Tissue: p-value: 4.90E-05; Fold-change: -3.82E-01; Z-score: -4.87E-01
• The Expression Level of Disease Section Compare with the Adjacent Tissue: p-value: 4.50E-12; Fold-change: -9.01E-01; Z-score: -1.33E+00

References

• Ref 1: LncRNA HOTAIR promotes cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer by targeting miR-126 to activate the PI3K/AKT/MRP1 genes. Tumour Biol. 2016 Nov 30. doi: 10.1007/s13277-016-5448-5. Online ahead of print.
• Ref 2: miRNA-205 targets VEGFA and FGF2 and regulates resistance to chemotherapeutics in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis. 2016 Jun 30;7(6):e2291. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2016.194.
• Ref 3: miR-126-3p down-regulation contributes to dabrafenib acquired resistance in melanoma by up-regulating ADAM9 and VEGF-A. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Jun 21;38(1):272. doi: 10.1186/s13046-019-1238-4.
• Ref 4: miR-126 enhances the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to anticancer agents by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2012 Jun;44(6):519-26. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gms026. Epub 2012 Apr 16.
• Ref 5: FOXK2 transcriptionally activating VEGFA induces apatinib resistance in anaplastic thyroid cancer through VEGFA/VEGFR1 pathway .Oncogene. 2021 Oct;40(42):6115-6129. doi: 10.1038/s41388-021-01830-5. Epub 2021 Sep 6. 10.1038/s41388-021-01830-5