Drug Information

Drug (ID: DG00587) and It's Reported Resistant Information

• Name: Penicillin V
• Synonyms: Penicillin v; Phenoxymethylpenicillin; Oracillin; Penicillin phenoxymethyl; 87-08-1; Phenomycilline; Fenospen; Phenoxymethyl penicillin; V-Cillin; Vebecillin; Distaquaine V; Beromycin; Phenoxymethylenepenicillinic acid; Phenoximethylpenicillinum; Phenoxymethylpenicillinum; Fenoximetilpenicilina; Pen-V; phenoxymethylpenicillinic acid; Phenoxymethylpenicilline; Phenopenicillin; 6-Phenoxyacetamidopenicillanic acid; Penapar-Vk; Meropenin; Fenossimetilpenicillina [DCIT]; phenoxomethylpenicillin; Phenocillin; Stabicillin; Fenacilin; Oratren; Apopen; Ospen; Fenoximetilpenicilina [INN-Spanish]; Eskacillian V; V-Tablopen; Pen-vee; Acipen V; Pen-Oral; V-Cyline; Penicillin-Vk; V-Cil; Betapen-VK; Beepen-VK; Veetids; UNII-Z61I075U2W; (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(2-phenoxyacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid; CHEBI:27446; Calcipen; Rocilin; (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenoxyacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid; Compocillin V; Eskacillin V; Crystapen V; V-Cylina; Phenoxymethylpenicillin (INN); (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-DIMETHYL-7-OXO-6-(2-PHENOXYACETAMIDO)-4-THIA-1- AZABICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPTANE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID; Z61I075U2W; P-Mega-Tablinen; (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenoxyacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid; (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenoxyacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid; PNV; Fenossimetilpenicillina; Phenoxymethylpenicillin [INN]; Penicillanic acid, 6-phenoxyacetamido-; (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-{[(phenyloxy)acetyl]amino}-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid; Phenoxymethylpenicilline [INN-French]; Phenoxymethylpenicillinum [INN-Latin]; CCRIS 752; V-Cillin (TN); Penicillin V (USP); HSDB 6314; phenoxomethylpenicillanyl; phenoxymethylpenicillanyl; 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenoxyacetamido)-; EINECS 201-722-0; BRN 0096259; Penicillin V [USAN:USP]; Phenoxymethylpenicillinic acid potassium salt; PENICILLINV; penicillin-v-potassium; 3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenyloxyacetyl)amino)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid; 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenoxyacetyl)amino)-, (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-; PC Pen VK; Spectrum_001007; Spectrum2_000495; Spectrum3_000543; Spectrum4_000472; Spectrum5_001409; CHEMBL615; Epitope ID:115011; Epitope ID:116056; SCHEMBL49223; BSPBio_002185; KBioGR_000944; KBioSS_001487; 4-27-00-05884 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); MLS001304105; DivK1c_000779; SPBio_000389; DTXSID3023429; SCHEMBL22099709; CHEBI:53706; GTPL10920; KBio1_000779; KBio2_001487; KBio2_004055; KBio2_006623; KBio3_001685; NINDS_000779; ZINC3831282; 2,2-dimethyl-6beta-[(phenoxyacetyl)amino]penam-3alpha-carboxylic acid; BDBM50370584; 3,3-dimethyl-6beta-[(phenoxyacetyl)amino]penam-2alpha-carboxylic acid (PIN); AKOS015969737; DB00417; IDI1_000779; SMR000539431; SBI-0051477.P003; AB00514745; C08126; D05411; Q422215; W-109316; BRD-K43966364-237-02-2; BRD-K43966364-237-03-0; Phenoxymethylpenicillin 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile; 6beta-Phenoxyacetamido-2,2-dimethylpenam-3alpha-carboxylic acid; Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Antibiotic for Culture Media Use Only; Penicillin V, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; Phenoxymethylpenicillin, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
• Indication:
  In total 1 Indication(s)
  Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z]; Approved; [1]
• Drug Resistance Disease(s):
  Disease(s) with Clinically Reported Resistance for This Drug (4 diseases)
  Bacteremia [ICD-11: MA15]; [2]
  Osteomyelitis/osteitis [ICD-11: FB84]; [3]
  Peritonitis [ICD-11: DC50]; [4]
  Pneumonia [ICD-11: CA40]; [5]
  Disease(s) with Resistance Information Validated by in-vivo Model for This Drug (1 diseases)
  Periodontal disease [ICD-11: DA0C]; [1]
• Target: Bacterial Penicillin binding protein (Bact PBP); NOUNIPROTAC; [1]
• Formula: C16H18N2O5S
• IsoSMILES: CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)COC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)C
• InChI: 1S/C16H18N2O5S/c1-16(2)12(15(21)22)18-13(20)11(14(18)24-16)17-10(19)8-23-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7,11-12,14H,8H2,1-2H3,(H,17,19)(H,21,22)/t11-,12+,14-/m1/s1
• InChIKey: BPLBGHOLXOTWMN-MBNYWOFBSA-N
• PubChem CID: 6869
• ChEBI ID: CHEBI:27446
• TTD Drug ID: D09CPR
• VARIDT ID: DR00868
• DrugBank ID: DB00417

Type(s) of Resistant Mechanism of This Drug

  DISM: Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Diseases

ICD-13: Digestive system diseases

Periodontal disease [ICD-11: DA0C]

Drug Resistance Data Categorized by Their Corresponding Mechanisms

Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification (DISM)

Key Molecule: Beta-lactamase (Q9X4S7) [1]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Chronic periodontitis [ICD-11: DA0C.Y]
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Prevotella nigrescens strain; 28133
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disc diffusion test
• Mechanism Description: Seventy five percent of patients carried two species of beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic bacteria that comprised 9.4% of the total number of cultivable bacteria. Fifty one percent of beta-lactamase-producing strains mainly Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides carried the cfxA gene, whereas none of them carried blaTEM. Further characterization of the cfxA gene showed that 76.7% of these strains carried the cfxA2 gene, 14% carried cfxA3, and 9.3% carried cfxA6. The cfxA6 gene was present in three Prevotella spp. and in one Porphyromonas spp. Strains containing cfxA genes (56%) were resistant to the beta-lactam antibiotics.

Key Molecule: Beta-lactamase (Q9X4S7) [1]

• Molecule Alteration: Expression; Inherence
• Resistant Disease: Chronic periodontitis [ICD-11: DA0C.Y]
• Experimental Note: Discovered Using In-vivo Testing Model
• In Vitro Model: Porphyromonas gingivalis strain; 837
• Experiment for Molecule Alteration: PCR
• Experiment for Drug Resistance: Disc diffusion test
• Mechanism Description: Seventy five percent of patients carried two species of beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic bacteria that comprised 9.4% of the total number of cultivable bacteria. Fifty one percent of beta-lactamase-producing strains mainly Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides carried the cfxA gene, whereas none of them carried blaTEM. Further characterization of the cfxA gene showed that 76.7% of these strains carried the cfxA2 gene, 14% carried cfxA3, and 9.3% carried cfxA6. The cfxA6 gene was present in three Prevotella spp. and in one Porphyromonas spp. Strains containing cfxA genes (56%) were resistant to the beta-lactam antibiotics.

References

• Ref 1: Detection of cfxA2, cfxA3, and cfxA6 genes in beta-lactamase producing oral anaerobes .J Appl Oral Sci. 2016 Apr;24(2):142-7. doi: 10.1590/1678-775720150469. 10.1590/1678-775720150469
• Ref 2: Staphylococcus aureus bacteremias following liver transplantation: a clinical analysis of 20 cases .Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2015 Jun 12;11:933-7. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S84579. eCollection 2015. 10.2147/TCRM.S84579
• Ref 3: Paediatric Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis Pathogen Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance in a Single Centre: A 15-Year Retrospective AnalysisJ Trop Pediatr. 2022 Apr 5;68(3):fmac038. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmac038.
• Ref 4: Emerging Gram-positive bacteria and drug resistance in cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: A retrospective studyExp Ther Med. 2019 Jun;17(6):4568-4576. doi: 10.3892/etm.2019.7502. Epub 2019 Apr 18.
• Ref 5: Escalation of antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae: implications for therapy .Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Dec;26(6):575-616. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-925524. 10.1055/s-2005-925524